grade12-minerals-lesson201110040252.pptx

lesson

1. “PAST is PAST! Q1. What is Earth? Q2. What are the four subsystems of the Earth? Q3. What is atmosphere? Geosphere? Hydrosphere? Biosphere? Q4. What is the most abundant gas of the atmosphere? How many percent? The second gas? How many percent? the other gases? How many percent?

2. Activity: "Decode me!" ( Literacy and Numeracy) There will be a set of numbers that will be projected on the board. Each number corresponds to a letter that will form a word. The students will decode the words behind the given numbers. The first student that could give the correct answer will be given 5pts. MOTIVATION

3. (The words that will be decoded are the words connected to the lesson of the day) The students will be asked to take note of the highlighted numbers in each word decoded, at the end of the activity they will add those numbers to decode the title of the lesson of the day. MOTIVATION

4. MOTIVATION A B C D E F G H I J K L M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

5. Example: ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 8 5 12 12 15 MOTIVATION H E L L O

6. Earth & Life Science MINERALS Lesson 3

7. Objectives: Module 3: Lesson 1 - Minerals and their Characteristics - Different Properties of Minerals After going through this lesson, you are expected to: Identify the examples of minerals, Explain the different characteristics of minerals, Differentiate minerals based on their properties, Develop awareness on the importance of minerals around us.

8. WHAT ARE MINERALS? MINERALS are the building blocks of rocks. MINERALS make up the rocks beneath your feet, the soil that supports plants, and the deep rock of Earth’s mantle. Any thorough study of Earth must include an understanding of minerals. But it is not sufficient to study minerals isolated from the rest of the planet. Rather we can learn more by observing the ways that minerals interact with other Earth systems. MINERALOGISTS- use the criteria to determine whether a material is classified as a mineral or not.

9. Characteristics of Minerals A mineral is Naturally-Occurring A mineral should be naturally-occurring with respect to its formation. It should be made by natural processes without the aid of any organism. term which identifies mineral as part of earth’s natural processes.

10. Characteristics of Minerals A mineral is Naturally-Occurring

11. Characteristics of Minerals 2. A mineral is Inorganic means a substance is not a product of an organism. This would mean that bones, shells, teeth, and other hard parts of an organism are not minerals.

12. Characteristics of Minerals 2. A mineral is Inorganic

13. Characteristics of Minerals 3. A mineral is a homogeneous Solid We should be able to see something that is uniform in appearance and is in the solid state of matter. minerals should have definite volume and rigid shape A mineral should exhibit stability at room temperature, which can only be attained if it is solid.

14. Characteristics of Minerals 3. A mineral is a homogeneous Solid

15. Characteristics of Minerals 4. A mineral has a definite Chemical Composition represented by a chemical formula Example: A mineral with a fixed chemical formula is quartz (SiO 2 ). This indicates that the mineral quartz contains one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms.

16. Characteristics of Minerals 4. A mineral has a definite Chemical Composition

17. Characteristics of Minerals 5. A mineral has an ordered internal/crystalline structure atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern NOTE: Knowing whether a material is crystalline or not would require sophisticated methods such as involving the use of X-rays (XRD).

18. Characteristics of Minerals 5. A mineral has an ordered internal/crystalline structure

19. Mineraloids Any material which passes most of the criteria (but not all) we have set can be considered a mineraloid. Most of the time, mineraloids are naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solids with definite chemical compositions but with no ordered internal structure. Examples of mineraloids are volcanic glass and opal.

20. Mineraloids Examples of mineraloids are volcanic glass and opal.

21. Properties of Minerals To identify minerals, mineralogists observe the following properties: 1. Color Color is the property of mineral that is easiest to identify. Color is the perceived wavelength of light that bounced off from the material and is detected by our eyes. mineral’s color may change depending on the surface.

22. Properties of Minerals Example:

23. Properties of Minerals 2. Streak It is the color of a mineral in powdered form. Minerals show color differently when ground into fine powder. In most cases, minerals will show streak color equivalent to its normal massive color. But in rare cases, the streak color will differ from its compact form.

24. Properties of Minerals 2. Streak Example:

25. Properties of Minerals 3. Hardness It is the resistance of a mineral to scratching. To determine the hardness of a mineral, a comparative hardness scale assigning numerical values to the hardness was made by Friedrich Mohs. The Mohs Hardness Scales assigned 1 to Talc , which is the softest mineral , and 10 to Diamond , which is the hardest mineral .

26. Properties of Minerals Hardness Mineral Products 1 Talc used in personal care products such as loose powders (e.g., talcum powder, baby powder, blush, eyeshadow), and in other forms (e.g., pressed powder, liquid makeup, lipstick). It is also used in some food items, such as rice and chewing gum, and to manufacture pill tablets. 2 Gypsum popular raw material for manufacturing various construction products, such as plasters, drywall (wallboard or plasterboard), ceiling tiles, partitions, and building blocks. 3 Calcite used in modern construction to make cement and concrete. 4 Fluorite used to manufacture a variety of products which include: fluorocarbon chemicals, foam blowing agents, refrigerants, and a variety of fluoride chemicals such as crest colgate . 5 Apatite Manufacture of fertilizer. Animal feed supplements Occasional use as a gemstone.

27. Properties of Minerals Hardness Mineral Products 6 Feldspar They are used to manufacture a wide variety of glass and ceramic products. They are also widely used as fillers in paints, plastics and rubber. 7 Quartz Anti-caking powder used in foods, bricks, cement, ceramics, cooking stoves with halogen heating elements, fibreglass , used for insulation and for building boats, glass, and gemstones. 8 Topaz use as a gemstone for jewelry and ornaments. Topaz can be a raw material for making refractory materials. 9 Corundum use of natural corundum is in jewelry as rubies and sapphires, sandpapers and grinding wheels 10 Diamond Jewelry items, diamond industry, diamond brooches

28. Properties of Minerals

29. Properties of Minerals Trivia: Did you know? The Mohs scale (pronounced MOZE) was introduced in 1822. It originated when Friedrich Mohs chose ten minerals and assigned numbers to them based on the relative ease or difficulty in which stone can be scratched by another.

30. Properties of Minerals 4. Cleavage It is the mineral’s resistance to being broken and fracture. It is exhibited when a mineral breaks and smooth flat surfaces are formed from the breakage. NOTE: The presence of cleavage in mineral is independent of its hardness. Even diamond exhibits cleavage.

31. Properties of Minerals 4. Cleavage

32. Properties of Minerals 5. Crystalline structure or habit Crystal habit is the tendency for specimens of a mineral to repeatedly grow into characteristic shapes. These shapes are influenced by the atomic structure of the mineral, but they can also be influenced by the environment of crystal growth. Regardless of influence, crystal habit shapes can be characteristic of the mineral and displayed by many specimens of that mineral from diverse locations.

33. Properties of Minerals 5. Crystalline structure or habit Bladed, cubic, fibrous, granular, prismatic, and radiating are names of crystal habits that quickly convey a generalized geometric appearance. Banded Bladed

34. Properties of Minerals 5. Crystalline structure or habit Cubic Fibrous Granular Prismatic

35. Properties of Minerals 5. Crystalline structure or habit Radiating

36. Properties of Minerals 6. Diaphaneity/amount of transparency ability to allow light to pass through it. This is affected by chemical makeup of the mineral sample. Categories: Transparent Translucent Opaque

37. Properties of Minerals

38. Properties of Minerals

39. Properties of Minerals 7. Luster It is how light is reflected off a surface It can be: Metallic – minerals that look like metals and are shiny Non-metallic – luster different from metallic ones. - There are many descriptive terms to choose from including pearly (looks like the surface of a pearl), waxy ( like the surface of a candle), vitreous (like clear or stained glass) and silky ( like silk cloth)

40. Properties of Minerals 7. Luster

41. Properties of Minerals 7. Luster Example:

42. Properties of Minerals 8. Tenacity describes the mineral’s reaction to stress (breaking or deforming) 1. Brittleness - a mineral turns into powder

43. Properties of Minerals 8. Tenacity 2. Malleability - a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer.

44. Properties of Minerals 8. Tenacity 3. Ductility- A mineral can be stretched into wire.

45. Properties of Minerals 8. Tenacity 4. Flexible but inelastic- Minerals are bent but they remain in the new position. Example: Copper

46. Properties of Minerals 8. Tenacity 5. Flexible and elastic- Minerals are bent, and they bring back to their original position. All fibrous minerals, and some acicular minerals belong in this category. An example is Chrysotile Serpentine.

47. Properties of Minerals 9. Sectility ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife. Example: talc and gypsum Talc Gypsum

48. Answer the following activities: What’s New and Products that contain the mineral

49. OUTPUT: The students will be grouped into five. The students will create a video presentation on how important minerals are in our daily life and upon knowing the value of minerals in our everyday life, as a student, how can you help in conserving and preserving the natural sources of these minerals. Using your cellphone/laptop, you will post it on social media which serves as your output in this lesson. Write what group you are. Make a caption about it and that is for educational purposes only to avoid copyright product. Use a hashtag #WeConserve #WePreserve #WeCanHelpCONSERVEourResourcesforourneedsduringourLIFETIME

50. Activity/s: Video Presentation & Group Activity A video about minerals will be shown to the students .

51. "Mystery Box Game" The students will be grouped into four. Each group will be given writing materials. They will pick a letter and answer the question behind it. If they answer the question correctly, they will choose whether to keep the box or give it to the other teams. (The points in the box can be good or bad)

52. Explain: What is a Mineral? What are the characteristics of Minerals? Differentiate each. What is the difference between color, streak and hardness? Cleavage, diaphaneity, and luster? Tenacity and sectility ?

53. SUM-UP Answer the following activities: What’s More and What I Have Learned

54. Summative Assessment The students’ group output will serve as their evaluation. A. Self-check Card (The students must check each indicator to verify if objectives are achieved) SELF-CHECK CARD Indicators: YES NO I identify the examples of minerals.     I differentiate minerals based on their properties.     I explain the different characteristics of minerals,     I develop awareness on the importance of minerals around us.     What's YOUR Level? EXCELLENT- If you got 3 Yes checks. GOOD JOB- If you got 2 Yes checks. LEARN MORE- If you got 1 Yes checks

55. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!!