gRAPHS.pptx related to physiology first year

First year graphs important

1. Identify the picture(0.5 mark) What is the law responsible for plateau phase in the above diagram (1) What is the volume of urine in the bladder at which urgency to void is felt?(1)

2. Cystometrogram Cause of plateau phase is plasticity of smooth muscle/ law of L aplace . 400ml

3. Identify the picture (0.5) What are the two causes of this curve. (1+1)

4. Glucose titration curve/ splay curve. Cause of this curve is a) heterogenicity of glomerular size and length of Loop of Henle. b) Variability of TmG of nephron.

5. Identify the graph (0.5 mark) Name the phase ‘B’ and its ionic basis (1 mark) Name the phase ‘C’ and its ionic basis (1 mark)

6. Action potential in Neuron B= Depolarization phase & Na+ influx C= = Repolarization phase & K+ efflux

7. The above picture is oxygen – hemoglobin dissociation curve Mention the percentage saturation of hemoglobin for arterial blood. (0.5) Mention the PO 2 at which Hb is 50% saturated (P 50 ). (0.5) Name any 3 factors that shift the curve to right? (1.5 marks)

8. a) Arterial blood is 97% saturated with Hb . PO 2 = 26 mm Hg. Any three 1. Increased hydrogen ion 2. Increased CO 2 3. Increased temperature 4. Increased 2,3 – DPG

9. Define Residual volume. Give its normal value. (1) 2. Which lung volume and capacity cannot be directly measured by spirometer ? (1.5)

10. Residual volume is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful expiration Normal residual volume is 1200 ml. Residual volume (RV), Functional residual capacity (FRC) and Total lung capacity (TLC) .

11. The above figure shows the waves of ECG Name the ECG waves (0.5 mark) What are the causes of waves in ECG?(2marks)

12. a) P wave, QRS complex, T and U waves. b) P wave is due to atrial depolarisation QRS complex is due to ventricular depolarisation T wave is due to ventricular repolarisation U wave is due to papillary muscle repolarisation

13. Name the potential recorded from SA Node (0.5) Explain its ionic basis.(2)

14. a) Prepotential also known as pacemaker potential b) Ionic basis: Initial phase of Prepotential: Potassium decay and Na influx via funny(f) channels. Late part of prepotential: The calcium influx via T channels (Transient calcium channels

15. Name the various phases and explain the ionic basis of each.(2.5marks)

16. The above picture shows ventricular muscle action potential Rapid depolarization – Na + influx Initial rapid repolarisation – K + efflux Plateau phase –opening of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels Final repolarisation – closure of Ca 2+ channels and K + efflux Resting membrane potential - increased permeability to potassium

17. 1. Identify the diagram (0.5)   2. Enumerate the EEG waves? (1)   3. What is the EEG phenomenon observed when a person opens their eyes or begins to concentrate? (0.5)   4. Which waves is seen in deep sleep ?(0.5)

18. 1. Electroencephalogram   2. Alpha, Beta, theta, delta   3. Alpha block   4. Delta waves