Greatest philosophers

GARDEN ANGELS INTEGRATED SCHOOL, INC. SHS Lesson

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

2. SOCRATES Socrates was a Greek philosopher and the main source of Western thought. Little is known of his life except what was recorded by his students, including Plato . Socrates was born in ancient Athens, Greece . His "Socratic method," laid the groundwork for Western systems of logic and philosophy. When the political climate of Greece turned, Socrates was sentenced to death by hemlock poisoning in 399 BC. He accepted this judgment rather than fleeing into exile . Falling down is not a failure. Failure comes when you stay where you have fallen.

3. PLATO Ancient Greek philosopher Plato founded the Academy and is the author of philosophical works of unparalleled influence in Western thought. Born circa 428 B.C.E., ancient Greek philosopher Plato was a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle. His writings explored justice, beauty and equality, and also contained discussions in aesthetics, political philosophy, theology, cosmology, epistemology and the philosophy of language. Plato founded the Academy in Athens, one of the first institutions of higher learning in the Western world. He died in Athens circa 348 B.C.E. Wise men speak because they have something to say; Fools because they have to say something .

4. GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL G.W.F. Hegel was born in Stuttgart in 1770, the son of an official in the government of the Duke of Württemberg. He was educated at the Royal Highschool in Stuttgart from 1777-88 and steeped in both the classics and the literature of the European Enlightenment. In October, 1788 Hegel began studies at a theological seminary in Tübingen , the Tüberger Stift , where he became friends with the poet Hölderlin and philosopher Friedrich Schelling, both of whom would later become famous Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) is one of the greatest systematic thinkers in the history of Western philosophy. Nothing great in the world was accomplished without passion

5. MARTIN HEIDEGGER Heidegger was born on September 26, 1889 in Messkirch in south-west Germany to a Catholic family . His father worked as sexton in the local church . In his early youth, Heidegger was being prepared for the priesthood . Martin Heidegger is widely acknowledged to be one of the most original and important philosophers of the 20 th  century, while remaining one of the most controversial.  His thinking has contributed to such diverse fields as phenomenology ( Merleau-Ponty ),  existentialism  ( Sartre , Ortega y Gasset ), hermeneutics ( Gadamer ,  Ricoeur ), political theory ( Arendt , Marcuse, Habermas ), psychology (Boss, Binswanger, Rollo May), and theology ( Bultmann , Rahner , Tillich). His critique of traditional metaphysics and his opposition to positivism and technological world domination have been embraced by leading theorists of postmodernity ( Derrida ,  Foucault , and  Lyotard ). On the other hand, his involvement in the Nazi movement has invoked a stormy debate.  Although he never claimed that his philosophy was concerned with politics, political considerations have come to overshadow his philosophical work. “Anyone can achieve their fullest potential, who we are might be predetermined, but the path we follow is always of our own choosing. We should never allow our fears or the expectations of others to set the frontiers of our destiny. Your destiny can't be changed but, it can be challenged. Every man is born as many men and dies as a single one.”  

6. Karl Heinrich Marx Karl Marx, in full Karl Heinrich Marx, (born May 5, 1818,  Trier , Rhine province,   Prussia  [Germany]—died March 14, 1883 ,  London , England), revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and economist. He published (with Friedrich Engels)  Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei  (1848), commonly known as  The Communist Manifesto , the most celebrated pamphlet in the  history  of the socialist movement. He also was the author of the movement’s most important book,  Das Kapital . These writings and others by Marx and Engels form the basis of the body of thought and belief known as  Marxism . The only antidote to mental suffering is physical pain .