green sulfur bacteria .pptx

PG AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE,ALWARKURICHI.

1. SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE ( REACCREDITED WITH B GRADE WITH A CGPA OF 2.71 IN THE II CYCLE BY NAAC AFFILIATED TO MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY, TIRUNELVELI) ALWARKURICHI 627 412 TAMIL NADU, INDIA POST GRADUATE & RESEARCH CENTRE – DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY (GOVERNMENT AIDED) II SEM – CORE –IMMUNOLOGY(ZMBM22) Submitted by, Kavitha. V 1st M. SC Microbiology REG no: 20211232516112 Sri paramakalyani college of arts and science, Alwarkurichi SUBMITTED TO , DR.S.VISWANATHAN PH.D., ASS.PROFF & HEAD OF MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE, ALWARKURICHI .

2. Green sulfur bacteria

3. Synopsis Introduction Scientific classification Characteristics Habitat Nitrogen fixation Photosynthesis process

4. Introduction The green sulfur bacteria are a phylum of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria that metabolize sulfur.

5. Scientific classification Domain : Bacteria (unranked) :Bacteroidota–Chlorobiota group Phylum : Chlorobiota Class :"Chlorobia " Order :chlorobiales

6. Characteristics Green sulfur bacteria are gram-negative rod or sphericalal shaped bacteria. Some types of green sulfur bacteria have gas vacuoles that allow for movement. They are photolithoautotrophs, and use light energy and reduced sulfur compounds as the electron source.[11] Electron donors include H2, H2S, S. The major photosynthetic pigment in these bacteria is Bacteriochlorophylls c or d in green species and e in brown species, and is located in the chlorosomes and plasma membranes.[12] Chlorosomes are a unique feature that allow them to capture light in low-light conditions. [13]

7. Habitat The majority of green sulfur bacteria are mesophilic, preferring moderate temperatures, and all live in aquatic environments. They require anaerobic conditions and reduced sulfur; they are usually found in the top millimeters of sediment. They are capable of photosynthesis in low light conditions.

8. Where is green sulfur bacteria found? They are found mostly in hot springs, often in mixed populations with cyanobacteria. The sulfur bacteria are obligate photoautotrophs and strict anaerobes that grow in dim light in sulfide-rich environments such as effluents of sulfur springs and the lower layers of stratified lakes and in marine habitats.

9. How does green sulfur bacteria work? Green sulfur bacteria perform a highly efficient photosynthesis due to the presence of light harvesting organelles, the chlorosomes, which are filled with special bacteriochlorophyll molecules. Green sulfur bacteria inhabit the lowermost part of the photic environments due to their efficient light capture.

10. Nitrogen fixation The majority of green sulfur bacteria are diazotrophs: they can reduce nitrogen to ammonia which is then used to synthesize amino acids

11. How do green sulfur bacteria carry out photosynthesis? Green sulfur bacteria perform a highly efficient photosynthesis due to the presence of light harvesting organelles, the chlorosomes, which are filled with special bacteriochlorophyll molecules. Green sulfur bacteria inhabit the lowermost part of the photic environments due to their efficient light capture.

12. photosynthetic electron transfer pathways in green sulfur bacteria

13. Green sulfur bacteria and heliobacteria are strictly anaerobic phototrophs that have homodimeric type 1 reaction center complexes. Within these complexes, highly reducing substances are produced through an initial charge separation followed by electron transfer reactions driven by light energy absorption. In order to attain efficient energy conversion, it is important for the photooxidized reaction center to be rapidly rereduced. Green sulfur bacteria utilize reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (sulfide, thiosulfate, and/or sulfur) as electron sources for their anoxygenic photosynthetic growth. Membrane-bound and soluble cytochromes c play essential roles in the supply of electrons from sulfur oxidation pathways to the P840 reaction center. In the case of gram-positive heliobacteria, the photooxidized P800 reaction center is rereduced by cytochrome c-553 (PetJ) whose N-terminal cysteine residue is modified with fatty acid chains anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane photosynthetic electron transfer pathways in green sulfur bacteria

14. Metaproteogenomic analysis of a dominant green sulfur bacterium

15. Chlorobium tepidum, Chlorobium vibrioforme Chloroherpeton phaeobateriods What is the example of Sulphur bacteria?

16. Brun, Y. & Shimkets, L. J.  Prokaryotic Development  (ASM Press, 2000). Sneath, P. H. Longevity of micro-organisms.  Nature   195 , 643–646 (1962). "Microsporidia (Protozoa): A Handbook of Biology and Research Techniques" . Archived from the original on 26 June 2008 . Retrieved 8 July 2007 . . modares.ac.ir Johansson, Lönnell, Sundberg and Hylander (2014) Release thresholds for moss spores: the importance of turbulence and sporophyte length. Journal of Ecology, n/a-n/a. Reference

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