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1. Lesson 1: EARTH’S ECOSYSTEM Mel Gabriel B. Peria Instructor I

2. Lesson Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: Define what ecology is. Identify the major parts of a cell. Classify the eight levels of organization of matter in nature.

3. Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; it seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them. Modern scientist defines it as the study of the structure and function of nature.

4. Ecosystem community and its physical and chemical environment. An ecosystem has a living (biotic) and nonliving (a biotic) component. “Eco” refers to environment, while “system” refers to a collection of related parts that works as a whole

5. Ecology Cells are the basic units of life. Cells are t he smallest and most fundamental structural and functional units of life. They are minute compartments covered with a thin membrane and within which the processes of life occur. The idea that all living things are composed of cells is called the cell theory. Organisms may consist of a single cell (bacteria, for instance) or huge numbers of cells, as is the case for most plants and animals

6. Ecology On the basis of their cell structure, organisms can be classified as either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. A eukaryotic cell is surrounded by a membrane and has a distinct nucleus (a membrane-bounded structure containing genetic material in the form of DNA) and several other internal parts called organelles, which are also surrounded by membranes. A prokaryotic cell is also surrounded by a membrane, but it has no distinct nucleus and no other internal parts surrounded by membranes. All bacteria consist of a single prokaryotic cell.

7. Species A species is a set of individuals that can mate and produce fertile offspring. Every organism is a member of a certain species with certain traits. Estimates range from 4 million to 100 million. The best guess is that there are 10–14 million species. So far biologists have identified about 1.8 million species.

8. Ecologists Study Connections in Nature Ecology (from the Greek words oikos, meaning “house” or “place to live,” and logos, meaning “study of”) is the study of how organisms interact with their living (biotic) environment of other organisms and with their nonliving (abiotic) environment of soil, water, other forms of matter, and energy mostly from the sun. In effect, it is a study of connections in nature.

9. Ecologists Study Connections in Nature Scientists classify matter into levels of organization from atoms to the biosphere. Ecologists focus on organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere.

10. Population A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same place at the same time.

11. Examples include a school of glassfish in the Red Sea, the field mice living in a cornfield, monarch butterflies clustered in a tree, and people in a country.

12. Population In most natural populations, individuals vary slightly in their genetic makeup, which is why they do not all look or act alike. This variation in a population is called genetic diversity.

13. Habitat The place where a population or an individual organism normally lives is its habitat . An organism’s habitat can be thought of as its natural “address.” Each habitat, such as a tropical rain forest, a desert, or a pond, has certain resources, such as water, and environmental conditions, such as temperature and light, that its organisms need in order to survive.

14. Community A community , or biological community, consists of all the populations of different species that live in a particular place. For example, a catfish species in a pond usually shares the pond with other fish species, and with plants, insects, ducks, and many other species that make up the community. Many of the organisms in a community interact with one another in feeding and other relationships.

15. Ecosystem An ecosystem is a community of different species interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment of soil, water, other forms of matter, and energy, mostly from the sun. Ecosystems can range in size from a puddle of water to an ocean, or from a patch of woods to a forest. Ecosystems can be natural or artificial (human created). Examples of artificial ecosystems are crop fields, tree farms, and reservoirs.

16. Ecosystem Ecosystems do not have clear boundaries and are not isolated from one another. Matter and energy move from one ecosystem to another. For example, soil can wash from a grassland or crop field into a nearby river or lake. Water flows from forests into nearby rivers and crop fields Birds and various other species migrate from one ecosystem to another. And winds can blow pollen from a forest into a grassland

17. Biosphere The biosphere consists of the parts of the earth’s air, water, and soil where life is found. In effect, it is the global ecosystem in which all organisms exist and can interact with one another

18. Parts of the earth's air, water, and soil where life is found. A community of different species interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment of matter and energy Populations of different species living in a particular place, and potentially interacting with each other A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place An individual living being. The fundamental structural and functional unit of life Chemical combination of two or more atoms of the same or different elements. Smallest unit of a chemical element that exhibits itschemical properties Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism Molecule Atom Cell Levels of Ecological Organization

19. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!