Grignard reaction

organic chemistry Grignard Reaction by Ghulam Umar Maitlo

1. Grignard Reaction By:- Ghulam Umar Mailto Pharmacy 1 st year Organic chemistry: Grignard Reaction Email:[email protected]

2. Introduction The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl,  vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides (Grignard reagent) is added to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone . OR   The Grignard Reaction is the addition of an organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) to a ketone or aldehyde, to form a tertiary or secondary alcohol 2

3. This reaction is important for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds .   The reaction of an organic halide with magnesium is not a Grignard reaction, but provides a Grignard reagent. 3

4. Grignard reagent A Grignard reagent or Grignard compound is a chemical compound with the generic formula  R−Mg−X , where X is a halogen and R is an organic group , normally an alkyl. Two typical examples are   methyl magnesium chloride Cl−Mg−CH3 and  phenyl magnesium bromide (C6H5)−Mg−Br. They are a subclass of the  organomagnesium compounds. 4

5. Formation of Grignard reagent 5

6. Grignard reactions and reagents History Grignard reactions and reagents were discovered by and are named after the French chemist  François Auguste Victor Grignard   (University of Nancy France) , who published it in 1900 and was awarded   Nobel Prize in Chemistry   in 1912 for this work 6

7. Reaction mechanism The carbon attached to magnesium functions as a  nucleophile , attacking the  electrophilic  carbon atom that is present within the  polar bond  of a carbonyl group. The addition of the Grignard reagent to the carbonyl typically proceeds through a six- membered ring transition state 7

8. Hydrolysis of Grignard reagent 8

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