GROUP 1 PHYLUM PORIFERA.pptx This are part of 9 phylum

Phylum porifera is a type of sponges in the marine ecosystem

1. PHYLUM PORIFERA

2. 2 What is Porifera? Porifera is a phylum of simple, aquatic, multicellular animals commonly known as sponges . The word Porifera means " pore-bearers " – referring to the many tiny openings (pores) on their bodies through which water flows.

3. CHARACTERISTICS: Body Structure: Sponges have a porous body with numerous small openings called ostia through which water enters, and larger openings called oscula through which water exits. The body is typically asymmetrical or radially symmetrical and can take various shapes, including cylindrical or vase-like forms. 3

4. 4 Cellular Organization: They exhibit a cellular grade of organization, meaning their cells are not organized into true tissues or organs. Instead, they have specialized cells such as choanocytes (collar cells) that help in feeding and water circulation.

5. Habitat: Most sponges are aquatic, primarily found in marine environments, although some species inhabit freshwater. They are typically sessile, meaning they are attached to a substrate and do not move. Freshwater Sponge (spongilla Lacustris)

6. Nutrition: Sponges are filter feeders, obtaining nutrients by filtering small particles from the water. They rely on the flow of water through their bodies to capture food particles, which are then digested intracellularly. 6

7. Reproduction: They can reproduce both sexually and asexually . Asexual reproduction occurs through budding or fragmentation, while sexual reproduction involves the production of gametes. 7

8. Skeleton: The skeleton of sponges is made up of spicules (which can be calcareous or siliceous ) or spongin fibers, providing structural support. 8

9. Regeneration: Sponges have a remarkable ability to regenerate lost parts, which is a significant characteristic of their biology. 9

10. Symbiotic Relationships: Some sponges have symbiotic relationships with algae, which can give them a greenish color and contribute to their nutrition through photosynthesis. 10

11. 11 Thank you!