Group 3- FSIE Typical and Atypical Development.pptx

Typical and Atypical development in Children. Typical development in children gives a generic picture of progress compared to same-age peers. Atypical development appears when a child either lags behind or jumps ahead of typical peer progress, in any regard -- physical, cognitive, social or in adaptive life skills.” (Anita Holms, 2000).

1. Chapter 5: Typical and Atypical Development Among Children Group 3

2. 01 Child Development and its Importance Typical and Atypical Development Psychological Development Theory Cognitive Development Theory 02 Child Development Theories 03 Domains of Development Physical Social and Emotional Language Cognitive Table of Contents Stages in Child Development 04 04 05 Infancy Early Childhood Middle Childhood Adolescence

3. This chapter intends to help you develop the following competencies Identify typical and Atypical milestones in the various stages if child development; and Differentiate typical and atypical development of children in various stages of their development Objectives

4. Introduction Have you ever wondered how children develop? Maybe at one time you have compared your development with the sibling or cousin of yours. Children do not grow at the same rate at the same time. Knowing their capabilities can help you better as their teacher. Find out more about their development as this chapter focuses on the typical and atypical development among children from infancy to adolescence.

5. I. CHILDREN DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE To ensure that a child meets his/her development milestones, it is crucial to observe and monitor his/her development. For others, checking the milestones can help detect any difficulties at a particular stage. Intervention can then be given which can help in the development of a child. Usually, it is the parents, teachers, and pediatricians who use the checklists.

6. During the early 20th century, interest in child development began, specifically, that which focused on detecting abnormalities. Certain theories were discovered based on this interest to appreciate the growth that children experience from birth to adolescence. II. CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

7. A . Psychosocial Development Theory of Erik Erikson This is an eight-stage theory that describes the changes goes through in a lifetime. The main focus of Erikson's theory is the conflicts or crisis on experiences through social interaction. Starting from birth, each person is faced with a conflict that needs to be resolved since it has an impact on the function of the succeeding stages. If one successfully overcomes the crisis of each stage, a psychological virtue emerges. Stages of Psychosocial Development Infant Toddler Pre-schooler Grade-schooler Teenager Young adult Middle-age adult Older adult

8. B. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY OF JEAN PIAGET This theory is concerned with the thought processes of a person and how they are used to understand and interact with the environment. Piaget's theory focuses on children's intellectual development and has four stages. A. Sensorimotor stage - From birth to two year old, a child's knowledge is limited to his or her use of senses B. Preoperational Stage - From two to six years old, a child learns through the use of language. However, mental manipulation of information does not take place yet. C. Concrete Operational Stage- From 7 to 11 years old, a child begins to think logically and have better understanding of mental operations. How ever, abstract concepts are still difficult to understand. D. Formal Operational Stage- From 12 years old to adulthood, a person has the ability to think in abstract concepts.

9. C. Sociocultural Theory of Lev Vygotsky This theory believes that children learn actively through hands on experiences Vygotsky highlights the importance of other people such parents, caregivers, and peers in the development of children. Culture plays an integral role as well interaction with others allows learning to be integrated in the child's understanding of the world. This theory believes that learning takes place through observation And modeling. As a child observes the actions of the people in his or her environment, new information is acquired and new skills are developed D. Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura

10. III. TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT The development of a child usually follows a predictable pattern There are certain skills and abilities that are observed to gauge a child's development are called developmental milestones Examples of these sitting. babbling, and following directions. However, each child is unique. With this, not all reach a milestone at the same time, thus the terms typical and atypical development The term typical development refers to the normal progression where children grow by acquiring knowledge, skills, and behavior called developmental milestones at a certain time frame Atypical development is a term used when development does not follow the normal course. More so, a child is developing atypically when he/she reaches a milestone earlier or later than other children his/her age.

11. There is no clear way to identify if a child is developing typically or atypically. However, there are three commonly accepted principles of child development that one should look into. Rate of development differs among children 2. Development occurs in a relatively orderly process 3. Development takes place gradually 1.

12. The developmental milestones are categorized into four domain namely, physical, social and emotional, language, and cognitive. changes such as size and strength. The development occurs in both gross and if motor skills. The development at the senses and their uses are also part of the physical domain Which is influenced by illness and nutrition. A child's experience, expression, and management of emotions along with the ability to establish positive relationships with others refer to the social-emotional domain. This includes both the intrapersonal and interpersonal processes that take place in a child. IV. DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENT The language domain refers to the process of acquiring language in consistent order without the need for explicit teaching from the environment Construction of thought process which includes remembering, problem solving and decision making refers to the cognitive domain.

13. Stages, along with age are used as ranges to mark significant periods in a human development timeline. In each stage, growth and development occur in the four domains mentioned above. V. STAGES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT The stages are as follows: A. Infancy (birth to 2 years) B. Early Childhood (3 to 8 years) C. Middle Childhood (9 to 11 years) D. Adolescence (12 to 18 years)

14. Pause and Ponder Before we go to the typical and atypical developmental milestones. let us pause and ponder about the following questions below. 1. Do you have a baby brother or sister? What was he/she like while growing up? 2. When you were in grade school, what were the similarities and differences between you and your classmates? 3. As an adolescent, what are the changes that you have noticed within you?

15. Typical and Atypical development during infancy

16. Typical and Atypical development during Early Childhood

17. Typical and Atypical development during middle childhood Middle Childhood (9 to 11 years) is a stage that brings various changes in a child's life. Independence is a characteristic that children in this stage asserts. Developing friendships is another milestone that is evident. In stage, children should be given tasks to develop their sense of responsibility to further their growing independence.

18. Adolescence (12 to 18 years) is the period where puberty begins. By the end of this stage, most will have completed puberty. The child is now called a teen during this stage. The teen is becoming more vocal about his/her opinions due to the development of a unique personality. Peer pressure, however, will be present, which is why guidance from parents and guardians is very much needed.

19. Behaviors that are atypical should be observed keenly and recorded carefully. At times, the recorded observations might just be isolated events with no significant impact on later development. However, they might also be early warning signs of needs. The observed patterns will be useful to confirm if there is such a need.

20. A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words

21. Thanks! Please keep this slide for attribution. We hope you have no question.

22. Please keep this slide for attribution. 1. State the various child development theories and discuss each one with a partner. Review 2. What are the various child development theories in relation to the different milestones of each stage? 3. Enumerate and discuss the various domains of development. Reflect