GROUP 6 - Freshwater Fishes of Mindanao State U

Fresh water fishes of the philippines presentatino

1. Freshwater Fishes Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis in the Philippines Mindanao State University - General Santos AGAO-AGAO, A., AMPO, J., DUMAGUING, J., FACTOR, J., GALLINERO, L.

2. Outline of the Presentation 01 Introduction to Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines 02 Comprehensive Species List: Chronological Discovery 03 Freshwater Fishes:Taxonomic Identification Key 04 Species Distribution of the Freshwater Fishes 05 Morphological Diversity and Relatedness

3. Introduction 0.8% of Earth's Area belongs to Freshwater Ecosystem ~300 Freshwater Fish Species in the Philippines 0.1% of Earth's Water Supply came from Freshwater

4. Background Freshwater ecosystems, while occupying a small fraction of Earth's water resources, are crucial for global species diversity and provide essential resources for communities, but face severe threats from human activities and environmental changes.

5. Introduction OBJECTIVES Provide a comprehensive profile of Freshwater Fish-related literature in the Philippines from 1991-2023 Objective 1 Provide a comprehensive species list and taxonomic identification key of freshwater fishes in the Philippines Objective 2 Assess the distribution and morphological diversity or relatedness of identified freshwater fishes Objective 3

6. Methodology 01 Collection of literature was done using databases such as Google Scholar and ScienceDirect between 1991 and 2023. 03 Created a Journal List Summary and Comprehensive Species List of Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines 02 Using the key terms Freshwater fishes and Philippines in the ‘title’ and ‘abstract’ fields from the Scopus database. 04 MS Excel, PAST Software, Zotero , and VOSviewer were all used for the Data Analyses

7. Discovery A total of 142 species Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines was discovered and Identified up to the species level in a Span of 254 Years

8. 1758 Family: Monodactylidae Common Name: Diamondfish Scientific Name: Monodactylus argenteus Family: Mugilidae Common Name:Grey Mullet Scientific Name: Mugil cephalus

9. 1775 Giant trevally Caranx ignobilis Thumbprint Emperor Lethrinus harak Mangrove Red Snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus Common ponyfish Lutjanus argentimaculatus Bangus Chanos chanos Ten Pounder E lops machnata

10. 1837 Snakehead gudgeon G iuris margaritacea Loach goby Rhyacichthys aspro Walking goby Scartelaos histophorus Sharptail goby Oligolepis acutipennis Tank goby Glossogobius celebius Throat-spine gudgeon Belobranchus belobranchus

11. 2000 - Present Glossogobius clitellus Sleeper goby Belobranchus segura Sleeper goby Anguilla luzonensis

12. Dichotomous Key Taxonomic Identification Key of Freshwater Fishes: Families Based from the Key of Freshwater Fishes and Anadromous Fishes of California by Kimsey & Fisk, (1960), modified from lists of Shapovalov and Dill, (1950), and Shapovalov, Dill, and Cordone, 1959)

13. Dichotomous Key

14. Dichotomous Key 1a. Mouth a sucking disc; 7 gill openings on each side of head. Figure 3......................... ..................................................................................................................................PETROMYZONTIDAE 1b. Mouth with true jaws; 4 gill openings covered by operculum......................................2

15. Dichotomous Key 2a. Body with 5 rows of large bony shields, each with a large keel or spine; caudal fin lobes unequal. Figure 4............................................................ACIPENSERIDAE 2b. Body without rows of plates; caudal fin lobes equal or nearly so.....................3

16. Dichotomous Key 3a. Body extremely flattened laterally; both eyes on same side of head; coloring on one side of body only. Euryhaline. Figure 5..............................................PLEURONECTIDAE 3b. Characters not as above................................................................................................................4

17. Dichotomous Key 4a. Dorsal fin preceded by 3 free spines. Figure 6.........................GASTEROSTEIDAE 4b. Dorsal fin not preceded by free spines; all spines present connected by membranes................................................................................................................................5

18. Dichotomous Key 5a. Gular plate (Figure 27) present between branches of lower jaw. Euryhaline. Figure 7..............................................................................................................................ELOPIDAE

19. Dichotomous Key 5b. Gular plate absent....................................................................................................................6 6a. Body without scales.........................................................................................................7 6b. Body with scales (one exception in Cyprinidae).................................................8 7a. Chin with barbels; adipose fin present. Figure 8..............................ICTALURIDAE

20. Dichotomous Key 7b. Chin without barbels; no adipose fin. Figure 9.......................................COTTIDAE

21. Dichotomous Key 8a. Pelvic fins united, forming a sucking disc. Figure 10.....................GOBIIDAE

22. Dichotomous Key 9a. Adipose fin present................................................................................................................10 9b. Adipose fin absent..................................................................................................................12 10a. Scales small, more than 100 in lateral series. Figure 11......SALMONIDAE 10b. Scales larger, fewer than 100 in lateral series.................................................11

23. Dichotomous Key 11a. Teeth strong; maxillaries extending behind middle of eye; no appendage above base of pelvic fin. Euryhaline. Figure 12............................................OSMERIDAE

24. Dichotomous Key 11b. Teeth weak or absent; maxillaries not extending behind middle of eye; scaly appendage above base of pelvic fin. Figure 13............................COREGONIDAE

25. Dichotomous Key 12a. Belly with strong, spiny scutes, like a saw edge. Figure 14.....CLUPEIDAE 12b. Belly without scutes.....................................................................................................13

26. Dichotomous Key 13a. Caudal fin rounded........................................................................................................................14 13b. Caudal fin forked or square, not rounded..........................................................................16 14a. Dorsal fin with both spines and rays. Euryhaline. Figure 15................................................................................................................ELEOTRIDAE

27. Dichotomous Key 15a. Anal fin of male modified into an intromittent organ ; third anal ray unbranched ; bear live young. Figure 16................................................................POECILIIDAE 14b. Dorsal fin without spines, composed of rays only

28. Dichotomous Key 15.b Anal fin of male not modified; third anal ray branched; not livebearers. Figure 17...............................................................................................................................CYPRINODONTIDAE 16a. Pelvic fins abdominal.................................................................................................17 16b. Pelvic fins thoracic......................................................................................................19

29. Dichotomous Key 17a. Dorsal fin separated; stomach gizzard-like ; anal spines 3. Euryhaline. Figure 18.............................................................................................................................................MUGILIDAE 17b. Dorsal fin not separated; stomach not gizzard-like; not more than one anal spine...........................................................................................................................................................18

30. Dichotomous Key 18a. Mouth fitted for sucking; lips usually thickened and covered with wart-like skin; pharyngeal teeth numerous and usually comb-like. Figure 19.....................................................................................................................CATOSTOMIDAE

31. Dichotomous Key 18b. Mouth not fitted for sucking; lips thin, never wart-like; pharyngeal teeth fewer than 9 on each side. Figure 20...........................................CYPRINIDAE 19a. Dorsal fin entirely separated or but slightly joined together.................................20 19b. Dorsal fin united..........................................................................................................................22

32. Dichotomous Key 20a. Anal spines 3; body with narrow longitudinal stripes. Figure 21 ...............................................................................................................................SERRANIDAE 20b. Anal spines1 or 2; body without longitudinal stripes..................................21

33. Dichotomous Key 21a. Anal spines 2; pelvic fins thoracic. Figure 22.................................................PERCIDAE

34. Dichotomous Key 21b. Anal spine 1; pelvic fins abdominal. Euryhaline. Figure 23................ATHERINIDAE

35. Dichotomous Key 22a. Dorsal fin with distinct ridge of scales along base; bear live young. Figure 24.....................................................................................................EMBIOTOCIDAE

36. Dichotomous Key 22b. Dorsal fin without distinct ridge of scales along base; not livebearers. Figure 25...................................................................................................CENTRARCHIDAE

37. Dichotomous Key Example: 1a. Mouth a sucking disc; 7 gill openings on each side of head...PETROMYZONTIDAE 1b. Mouth with true jaws; 4 gill openings covered by operculum......................................2 Image source: fishbase.se © Hermosa, Jr., J.V.

38. Dichotomous Key Example: 2a. Body with 5 rows of large bony shields, each with a large keel or spine; caudal fin lobes unequal.............................................................................ACIPENSERIDAE 2b. Body without rows of plates; caudal fin lobes equal or nearly so..................3 Image source: fishbase.se © Hermosa, Jr., J.V.

39. Dichotomous Key Example: 3a. Body extremely flattened laterally; both eyes on same side of head; coloring on one side of body only...........................................................................................PLEURONECTIDAE 3b. Characters not as above................................................................................................................4 Image source: fishbase.se © Hermosa, Jr., J.V.

40. Dichotomous Key Example: 4a. Dorsal fin preceded by 3 free spines..........................................GASTEROSTEIDAE 4b. Dorsal fin not preceded by free spines; all spines present connected by membranes......................................................................................................................................5 Image source: fishbase.se © Hermosa, Jr., J.V.

41. Dichotomous Key Example: 5a. Gular plate present between branches of lower jaw........................ELOPIDAE 5b. Gular plate absent................................................................................................................6 Image source: fishbase.se © Hermosa, Jr., J.V. Elops machnata (Forsskål, 1775) Animalia Chordata Actinopterygii Elopiformes Elopidae Elops Elops machnata Taxonomy

42. Dichotomous Key Example: 5a. Gular plate present between branches of lower jaw........................ELOPIDAE 5b. Gular plate absent................................................................................................................6

43. Discussion Result A total of 103 species of freshwater fish were found on the Island of Luzon, Philippines.

44. Discussion Result A total of 70 species of freshwater fish were found on the Island of Visayas, Philippines.

45. Discussion Result A total of 40 species of freshwater fish were found on the Island of Visayas, Philippines.

46. Species Name Max length (Centimeter) Dorsal spine Dorsal soft rays Anal spines Anal soft rays Belobranchus segura 8 7 7 1 7 Glossogobius illimis 8 7 7 1 7 Allomogurnda insularis 5.5 9 10 1 9 Sicyopus cebuensis 3.9 7 9 1 10 Discussion Sample of Morphometric Characteristic Matrix of Freshwater fishes in the Philippines

47. Discussion Single Linkage Bray-Curtis Clustering of Freshwater Fishes based on Morphology

48. Question and Answer...

49. Thank You GROUP 6