Group activity (Disaster management).pptx

Group activity (Disaster management)

1. Group Activity Presentation on Subject:- Energy and Environment Engineering [22MET604B] Topic:- Disaster management BY Dr. AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Near Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bengaluru – 560056 Under the Guidance of :- Mr. S N Amith Kumar M.Tech Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engg , Dr AIT SL NO. NAME OF STUDENTS USN REPORT 5 POWER POINT PRESENTATION 5 TOTAL MARKS 10 1 MARUTESH M GOWDA 1DA23EE711 2 SUSHMA A 1DA23EE723 1

2. CONTENTS Disaster Management:- Introduction Types of Disasters Floods Earthquake Cyclone Landslide Case Study (Events caused by disasters) 2

3. 3 Disaster – A serious disruption caused by natural or human-made events resulting in widespread harm to people, property, or the environment. Disaster Management is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and implementing measures to deal with natural or man-made disasters before, during, and after they occur. Introduction:- Types of Disasters:- Natural Disasters: Man-made (Anthropogenic) Disasters: Earthquakes Floods Hurricanes / Cyclones Tsunamis Volcanic eruptions Droughts Industrial accidents (e.g. gas leaks, chemical spills) Fires and explosions Nuclear accidents War and terrorism Transportation accidents (train/air crashes)

4. 4 Floods:- A flood is an overflow of water onto land that is usually dry. It happens when water in rivers, lakes, or oceans rises and spreads over nearby areas. Causes of Floods: Natural Causes Man-made Causes Heavy rainfall Cyclones and storms Melting snow or glaciers River overflow Tsunamis Deforestation Poor drainage systems Blocked or narrow rivers Urbanization (too much concrete and no space for water to soak in) Effects of Floods: Loss of lives and injuries Damage to houses, roads, crops, and animals Spread of diseases (like cholera, malaria) Shortage of food, drinking water, and shelter Displacement of people

5. 5 Control Methods for Floods: Before (Prevention) During (Safety) After (Recovery) Build dams, levees, and flood barriers Keep drainage systems clean Plant trees to absorb rainwater Warning systems and public awareness Move to higher ground. Avoid walking or driving through floodwater Listen to official warnings and news Clean and disinfect areas Give medical help, food, and shelter Rebuild damaged homes and infrastructure

6. 6 Earthquake:- An earthquake is the sudden shaking of the Earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the ground. This release of energy is felt as tremors or vibrations. Causes of Earthquake : Effects of Earthquake : Buildings can break or fall down. People can get hurt or die. Roads and bridges can crack or collapse. Tsunamis can happen if the earthquake is under the sea. Natural Causes Man-made Causes Gaseous expansion and contraction inside the earth. Tectonic plate movement Volcanic eruptions. Isostatic Adjustments Mining- coal, gold, iron, or other minerals. Blasting- Explosives are used to break rocks. Construction Hydrostatic Pressures

7. 7 Fires can start if gas lines break. It can take a long time to rebuild things Before (Prevention) During (Safety) After (Recovery) Build strong buildings (earthquake-safe designs and materials) Avoid risky areas (loose soil) Be prepared (emergency kit) Warning systems and public awareness Stay calm-Don’t panic. If indoors-Stay away from windows and heavy objects. If outdoors- away from buildings, trees, or power lines. Check for injuries. Watch for danger like gas leaks, fire, or falling debris. Follow news and alerts. Repair and rebuild. Control Methods for Earthquake:

8. 8 Cyclone:- A cyclone is a large, strong, and rotating storm with high-speed winds and heavy rain that forms over warm ocean waters. Causes of Cyclone: Natural Causes Man-made Causes Warm Ocean Water (above 26°C) Moist Air Low Air Pressure Earth’s Rotation (Coriolis Effect) Climate Change Deforestation Pollution Poor Urban Planning Effects of Cyclone: Damage to Buildings and Infrastructure Flooding and Waterlogging - Heavy rain and storm surges cause floods. Loss of Life and Injuries - due to collapsing buildings, flying debris, or drowning. Damage to Crops and Livelihood. Power and Communication Failure

9. 9 Health Problems – Due to dirty water and poor sanitation after the cyclone (cholera and diarrhea) Mental Stress – Due to shock, fear, and trauma after losing homes or loved ones. Before (Prevention) During (Safety) After (Recovery) Early Warning Systems Build strong buildings. Cyclone Shelters Be prepared (emergency kit) Awareness Programs. Stay Indoors - Don’t go outside until it is safe. Move to a Safe Place. Listen to Alerts - Use radio or mobile to follow official instructions Help the Injured. Avoid Dangerous Areas like fallen wires, broken buildings, and flooded areas. Clean and Repair - check buildings for safety before returning. Get Help from Authorities. Control Methods for Cyclone:

10. 10 Landslide:- A landslide is when rocks, soil, and debris slide down a slope or hill due to gravity. It usually happens after heavy rain, earthquakes, or human activities that make the land weak. Causes of Landslide: Natural Causes Man-made Causes Heavy Rainfall Earthquakes Volcanic Eruptions Steep Slopes Deforestation Construction on Hills Poor Drainage Systems Overgrazing by Animals Effects of Landslide: Damage to Buildings and Roads Loss of Life and Injuries Destruction of Crops and Land Blockage of Rivers and Flooding Disruption of Services

11. 11 Control Methods for Landslides: Before (Prevention) During (Safety) After (Recovery) Plant More Trees - Roots hold the soil and stop it from sliding. Avoid Building on Slopes. Proper Drainage - carry rainwater away and reduce soil pressure. Awareness and Warning Systems Move to a Safe Area Stay Away from Slopes and Rivers. Listen to Alerts. Avoid Driving Rescue and First Aid. Avoid Dangerous Areas - away from cracked ground and damaged buildings. Clear Debris Safely. Rebuild with Safety in Mind

12. 12 Floods Event Year Location Details Bihar Floods 2008 Bihar, India Kosi river broke its embankment; displaced 3 million people. Kerala Floods 2018 Kerala, India Heavy rains, over 400 deaths, massive rescue efforts. Earthquakes Event Year Location Details Bhuj Earthquake 2001 Gujarat, India Magnitude 7.7, over 20,000 deaths. Nepal Earthquake 2015 Nepal & North India Magnitude 7.8, over 9,000 deaths. Case Study (Events caused by disasters)

13. 13 Cyclones Event Year Location Details Cyclone Nargis 2008 Myanmar Over 130,000 deaths, one of the deadliest in Asia. Cyclone Amphan 2020 Nepal & North India Very severe cyclone, caused heavy damage. Landslides Event Year Location Details Uttarakhand Flash Flood & Landslide 2013 Kedarnath , India Cloudburst caused massive landslides and floods; over 5,000 deaths. Malin Landslide 2014 Maharashtra, India Entire village buried, 151 deaths.

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