Group dynamics

Concept of group and group dynamics

1. GROUP DYNAMICS समूह गतिकीय DR . MADHU SINGH ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR St. Xavier’s College of Education, Patna

2. Group dynamics (समूह गतिकीय) refers to a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group ( intragroup dynamics) or between social groups (intergroup dynamics).

3. CONCEPT OF GROUP DYNAMICS It was founded by Kurt Lewin to study group decision ( समूह निर्णय ) , group productivity (समूह उत्पादकता) , group interaction ( समूह अंतःक्रिया ) , group cohesiveness ( समूह संयोगशिलता ) and group communication (समूह संप्रेषण ) .

4. CONCEPT OF GROUP DYNAMICS Group dynamics contains two terms: group and dynamics. Group is basically a collectivity of two or more persons. Dynamics comes from Greek word meaning FORCE. Thus, “Group dynamics is concerned with the interactions of forces among group members in a social situation.”

5. What is Group??? Two or more people Shared goals People see themselves As members There is interaction Among members Group

6. What is Group???

7. Definition of Group

8. Why do people Join group ??? The people often join groups since the groups give the members a stability and enhances their achievement capacity. The main reasons to join a group are: Have a sense of security Have a status Develop Self-esteem Power Goal achievement

9. Group structure समूह सरंचना Four different aspects of group structure are: Norms मानदण्ड Roles भूमिका Status हैसियत Cohesiveness संयोगशिलता

10. Group norms समूह मानदण्ड Set of beliefs ( विश्वास ) , (feelings) भावनाओं , and attitudes ( अभिवृति ) commonly shared by group members. These are also referred to as rules or standards of behaviour that apply to group members. Norms serve three functions namely Predictive- basis for understanding the behaviour of others Relational- some norms define relationships Control- regulate the behaviour of others

11. Role various parts played by group members. There are two elements that define this role identity- Role Perception भूमिका अनुभूति -An individual is expected to behave according to his own perception in the group. Role Expectation भूमिका उम्मीद -It is defined as how others believe one should behave in a given situation.

12. Status हैसियत Status is “ a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.” Group members get high status or low status in the Group based on their authority ( अधिकार ) and performance. High status members of the group have more freedom to deviate from the norms. This facility enables them to have the discriminatory powers in decision making. Low status members of the group should not have freedom to deviate from the norms as it leads to status inequality.

13. Group Cohesiveness

14. Results Who won, and why? Did your group act like this… … Or like this? Groups with High Cohesiveness Get Better Results!

15. Importance of High Cohesiveness High Cohesiveness - Unity - Interactive - Positive Feelings - Ability to Cope with Problems - More Productive Low Cohesiveness - Negative Feelings - More Problems - Less Productive

16. GROUPS ARE LIVING SYSTEMS A holistic perspective on groups prompted researchers to examine how a group, as a unit, changes over time. Some groups are so stable that their basic processes and structures remain unchanged for days, weeks, or even years, but such groups are rare. Bruce W. Tuckman’s theory of group development, for example, assumes that most groups move through the five stage .

17. STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION Members get to know each other & set ground rules Members come to Resist Control by group Leaders & Show hostility Members Work Together developing Close Relationships & feelings of Cohesiveness Group members work towards Getting their jobs done Group may disband either after meeting their goals or because members Leave Stage I Forming गठन Stage II Storming विप्लव Stage III Norming सामान्यता Stage IV Performing निष्पादन Stage V Adjourning स्थगित

18. In the forming s tage, the group members become oriented toward one another. In the storming stage, conflicts surface in the group as members vie for status and the group sets its goals. These conflicts subside when the group becomes more structured and standards emerge in the norming stage. In the performing stage, the group moves beyond disagreement and organizational matters to concentrate on the work to be done. The group continues to function at this level until it reaches the adjourning stage, when it disbands.

19. GROUPS ARE MORE THAN THE SUM OF THEIR PARTS Allport initially believed that group behavior was completely predictable by considering the characteristics and qualities of the individual members. But Kurt Lewin’s (1951) field theory of group dynamics assumed that groups are more than the sum of their parts.

20. Field theory is premised on the principle of interactionism , which assumes that the behavior of people in groups is determined by the interaction of the person and the environment. The formula B = ƒ( P,E) summarizes this assumption.

21. GROUPS ARE MORE THAN THE SUM OF THEIR PARTS(contd..) In a group context, this formula implies that the behavior ( B) of group members is a function ( ƒ) of the interaction of their personal characteristics ( P ) with environmental factors ( E), which include features of the group, the group members, and the situation. Lewin applied the Gestalt dictum, “The whole is greater than the sum of the parts,”.

22. Types of group Group formal informal command interest task friendship

23. GROUPS ARE INFLUENTIAL Researchers who study groups are convinced that if one wishes to understand individuals, one must understand groups . Human behavior is , more often than not, group behavior, so people cannot be understood when studied apart f rom their groups. Groups have a profound Impact on individuals; they shape actions, thoughts, and feelings.

24. Children willingly amend their actions and preferences to match the norms of their play groups. Even very young children imitate the way their playmates dress, talk, and act Children who do not like broccoli will eat it if they are having lunch with a group of broccoli-loving children. Twins who have the same friends are more similar to one another in terms of personality and academic achievement than twins who are treated similarly by their parents

25. GROUPS SHAPE SOCIETY At the same time psychologists began studying how individuals react in group settings. sociologists began studying the role that groups played in maintaining religious, political, economic, and educational systems in society.

26. What Causes Poor Group Dynamics? Group leaders and team members can contribute to a negative group dynamic. Let's look at some of the most common problems that can occur: Weak leadership : when a team lacks a strong leader, a more dominant member of the group can often take charge. This can lead to a lack of direction, infighting, or a focus on the wrong priorities. Excessive deference to authority: this can happen when people want to be seen to agree with a leader, and therefore hold back from expressing their own opinions.

27. What Causes Poor Group Dynamics? Blocking: this happens when team members behave in a way that disrupts the flow of information in the group. People can adopt blocking roles such as: The Aggressor (आक्रामक) : this person often disagrees with others, or is inappropriately outspoken. The Negator (नकारात्मक) : this group member is often critical of others' ideas. The Withdrawer : this person doesn't participate in the discussion. The Recognition Seeker : this group member is boastful, or dominates the session. The Joker : this person introduces humor at inappropriate times.

28. PRINCIPLES OF THE GROUP DYNAMICS 1 . The members of the group must have a strong sense of belonging to the group .The barrier between the leaders and to be led must be broken down. 2. The more attraction a group is to its members, the greater influence it would exercise on its members. 3. The greater the prestige of the group member in the eyes of the members, the greater influence he would exercise on the them .

29. Contd … 4.The successful efforts to change individuals sub parts of the group would result in making them confirm to the norms of the group. 5. The pressures for change when strong can be established in the group by creating a shared perception by the members for the need for the change.

30. FEATURES OF GROUP DYNAMICS Concerned with group Changes Rigidity or flexibility Continuous process

31. CONCLUSION: The groups operate on a common task and common attitudes. The group dynamics is concerned with the interaction between the group members in a social situation. This is concerned with the gaining in the knowledge of the group, how they develop and their effect on the individual members and the organization in which they function.

32. CONCLUSION: The group dynamics is essential to study since it helps to find how the relationships are made within a group and how the forces act within the group members in a social setting. This helps to recognize the formation of group and how a group should be organized, lead and promoted.

33. THANK YOU