GROUP DYNAMICS and Participatory learning in medical and Dental education .pdf

group Dynamics in Medical education describes about Stages of group formation and performance .Also discuss in brief the theoretical part of group success

1. Strategy for positive
Group Dynamics
1
Resource /Guest faculty for
-UGC National Seminar on Medical Education
-NAAC sponsored National Seminars and Conferences
-DHPER ,People’s University ,
(Department of Health Professionals and Education,People’s University)
-Author NAAC publication on books Education - Flipped Classroom
Dr.SHUBHANGI MHASKE
MDS (Oral Pathology), PhD (pursuing)
Fellowship in Forensic Odontology,
Fellowship in Dental education (FIDE) - Program Director and Convener
Professor and Head,
People’s College of Dental sciences and Research Centre,
People’s University,
Bhopal

2. Contents
•Learning Objectives
•Understanding Group Dynamics –Concept
•Theoretical background -Types of groups
•Stages of group development
•Dynamics of stages
•Task and Behavioural Challenges and Limitations
•Strategies for positive group dynamics
•Benefits of Effective group Dynamics
•Applications -Participatory learning concept
•Conclusion
2

4. Ice breaking

5. Why Group based learning??
•Lectures are learning strategies which are still popular and widely used for the delivery of
instruction —have little impact on ‘deep’ learning.
•A well‐structured lecture with explicit learning objectives may not help
•The Teaching Learning model design should be Student Centric
•Interactivity during lectures is an important adjunct to allow questioning and engagement
of the learners, which is likely to improve the learning experience.
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7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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8. Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, participants shall be able to:
•Understand and apply concepts of group dynamics while working in groups/
teams in teaching and learning
•Identify factors facilitating effective functioning in small groups
•Generate opportunities to use group dynamics in Dental education to enhance
students engagement in learning
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9. CONCEPT
AND
TYPES OF GROUPS
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10. GROUP
•DEFINITION
–Diverse group of people with complimentary abilities
(perspectives, ideas, knowledge, skills, techniques,
competencies)…
–who collaborate to…
–accomplish common goals for which….
–they are accountable together
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11. TYPES OF GROUPS
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12. UNDERSTANDING
STAGES OF GROUP DYNAMICS
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13. STAGES OF GROUP
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Tuckman, B. (1965) Bruce Tuckman’s Team Development Model.
https://www.lfhe.ac.uk/download.../3C6230CF-61E8-4C5E-9A0C1C81DCDEDCA2

14. Tuckman model -Stages
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15. WHAT HAPPENS
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16. STAGES AND THEIR DYNAMICS-
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17. Stage 1 —
Forming Dynamics (getting acquainted)
Leader
Facilitator
Member
Member Member
Member
Member
Member Member
Member
FORMING
- Safe patterned behavior
- Dependence on group leader
- Avoid controversies
- Gathering data and
impressions about each other
- Serious discussions are
avoided
- Play in comfort zones
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18. Stage 2 — Storming Dynamics
Leader
Facilitator
Member
MemberMember
Member
Member
Member Member
Member
STORMING
- Competition
- Conflicts over leadership,
structure, power and authority
- Swings in behavior
- Fear of exposure
- Attempt to organize
Mild enthusiasm to conflict transition (struggling forward)
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19. Stage 3 — Norming Dynamics
Leader
Member
MemberMember
Member
Member
Member Member
Member
NORMING
Facilitator - Group becomes cohesive
- Member contributions are
acknowledged
- Trust is developed
- Contributes group Building
- Group is willing to change
predetermined ideas
Trust developing and cohesive group forms
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20. - Interdependence in
personal relations and
problem solving task
situations
- Group is productive
Member
Member
Member
MemberMember
Member
Member
PERFORMING
Leader
Member
Facilitator
GOAL

Work group functioning
with self-confidence
Stage 4 — Performing Dynamics
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21. Stage 5 –
Adjourning, Reforming
Unsuccessful TeamSuccessful Team

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22. GROUP ACTIVITY
https://puibm-my.sharepoint.com/:wb:/g/personal/
shubhangi_pcds_puibm_in/
EWPM6jp6ChxKsihqeJGdoYAB55rfSuc80u4XuLlsrCmt1w?e=gXm2kC
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23. FIDE BATCH
GROUPS
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24. Groups in FIDE 2024
Group 3
Team Leader: Dr Srinivas P
Scribe: Dr Jigna Pathak
Initiator: Dr Jaya
Arbitrator: Dr Annette
Critic: Dr Vamsi
Group 4
1.Dr.Shubham Patel (Team Leader)
2.Dr.Priya Lahane
3.Dr.Vinod Sargaiyan
4.Dr.Charu Dixit
Group 1
Team Leader: Dr. Swapnil Parlani.
Facilitator: Dr Roopadevi.
Consultant: Dr. Anupama
Scriptor: Dr Varsha
Group 2
1. Dr.Srivalli (Team Leader)
2. Dr.Samata
3. Dr.Kiran Kumar
4. Dr.R.Piradhiba
5. Dr.Abilasha
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25. GROUP SUCCESS-???
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26. Cohesive Vs Non Cohesive group
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27. 27

28. Sources and Consequences of
Group Cohesiveness
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29. FACTORS AFFECTING…
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30. Factors responsible for an effective group
outcome
•Task Function -Goal/Objectives/Content of task
•Role Conflict - Learner experiences task overlap.
•Role Ambiguity -Learner is unclear of task definition;
•Task Behaviour
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31. Group Functions
▪Task behaviours
▪Maintenance behaviours (Positive Impact)
▪Self-interest behaviours. (Negative Impact)
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32. Task Behaviours-Team leader
▪Initiating
▪Information seeking/giving
▪Clarifying ideas
▪Bringing closure and Consensus
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33. Maintenance Behaviours-members
▪Encouraging
▪Harmonizing
▪Compromising
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34. Self-interest Behaviours-members
▪Dominating/controlling
▪Blocking
▪Manipulating
▪Belittling
▪Splitting hairs
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35. Reactions
•I’m OK - You’re OK
•I’m OK - You’re not OK
•I’m not OK - You’re OK
•I’m not OK - You’re not OK

36. STRATEGIES FOR POSITIVE
GROUP DYNAMICS

37. The “how” of getting the group work completed
1.Set goals and objectives
2.Develop procedures
3.Get information and data
4.Prepare
5.Select idea generation methods
6.Clarify tasks
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38. 7. Set time frames
8. Select decision-making methods
9. Test agreement/reality
10. Use problem-solving steps
11. Coordinate individual assignments
12. Summarize activities
The “how” of getting the group work completed

39. The “how “ of getting the psychosocial needs
of the group satisfied and maintained
1.Provide psychological and social support if
required.
2.Encourage participation
3.Give support and motivation
4.Evaluate & assess meetings/teamwork
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40. Cont’d
5.Settle differences
6.Facilitate inclusion of all members.
7.Intervene with dysfunctional behaviours.
8.Ask and give feedback

41. DECISION MAKING

42. ➢How to improve group decision making.
•Brainstorming.
•Nominal group technique.
•Delphi technique.
•Computer-mediated decision making.
Cabrerizo, F. J., Martínez, M. Á., López-Gijón, J., Cascón-Katchadourian, J., & Herrera-Viedma, E. (2019). Group decision making and soft
consensus: Analyzing citation classics by means of H-Classics. Procedia Computer Science, 162, 251-259.

43. Brainstorming
•Group members actively generate as many ideas and
alternatives as possible, and they do so relatively
quickly and without inhibitions.
•Brainstorming rules.
–All criticism is ruled out.
–Free-wheeling is welcomed.
Cabrerizo, F. J., Martínez, M. Á., López-Gijón, J., Cascón-Katchadourian, J., & Herrera-Viedma, E. (2019). Group decision making and soft consensus: Analyzing citation
classics by means of H-Classics. Procedia Computer Science, 162, 251-259.

44. •A form of structured group decision making that enables
everyone to participate and have his/her ideas heard
without hostile criticism or distortions.
•A structured voting procedure is used to prioritize
responses to the nominal question.
Nominal group technique
Cabrerizo, F. J., Martínez, M. Á., López-Gijón, J., Cascón-Katchadourian, J., & Herrera-Viedma, E. (2019). Group decision making and soft consensus: Analyzing citation
classics by means of H-Classics. Procedia Computer Science, 162, 251-259.

45. Delphi technique
•The process.
–A series of questions is distributed to a panel.
–Panel members send in their responses
–The decision coordinator summarizes the responses, and sends the summary
along with a follow-up questionnaire to the panel.
–The process is repeated until a consensus is reached.

46. TYPES OF LEARNERS-CHALLENGE

47. Lunn, B., 2015. Understanding Medical Education: Evidence, Theory and Practice (2nd edn), Tim Swanwick (ed.) Wiley-Blackwell, 2013,£ 46.99, pb, 520 pp. ISBN:
9781118472408. BJPsych Bulletin, 39(2), pp.103-103.

48. TEAM MATURITY

49. TEN CRITERIA FOR MEASURING THE MATURITY OF A
GROUP
1.Feedback mechanisms
2.Decision-making methods
3.Group loyalty/cohesion
4.Operating procedures
5.Use of member resources
6.Communications
7.Goals
8.Authority relations
9.Participation in leadership
10.Acceptance of minority views
Immature group
Poor
Dysfunctional
Low
Not flexible
Poor
Unclear
Not accepted
Independent
Low
Low
Mature group
Excellent
Functional
High
Flexible
Excellent
Clear
Accepted
Interdependent
High
High

50. APPLICATIONS
Student Centric Learning
Participatory Learning

51. PROJECT BASED LEARNING
Image Courtesy- Peoples College Of Dental College and Research Centre,Bhopal

52. CASE BASED LEARNING
Image Courtesy- Peoples College Of Dental College and Research Centre,Bhopal

53. PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Image Courtesy- Saveetha Dental College ,Chennai

54. Small group teaching
Image Courtesy- Saveetha Dental College ,Chennai

55. Experiential learning

56. Peer Assisted Learning (PAL)
Image Courtesy- Vishnu Dental College ,Bhimavaram

57. FLIPPED CLASSROOM
Pre-class and In-class
Activity

58. FLIPPED CLASSROOM
Image Courtesy- Vishnu Dental College ,Bhimavaram

59. Flipped classroom
Image Courtesy- Vishnu Dental College ,Bhimavaram

60. CONCLUSION..

61. Take away
-5 stages group dynamics -Bruce model
-Behavioural modification is also a major factor in cognition and competency
learning
-Participatory learning is one of the best method for a better outcome based
education.
-
Paradigm shift -we as teachers must undergo a major role change in instructional
process -teacher centred >student centred learning
From Mastership>Apprentice to partnership >Bonding learning..

62. Thank you
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