growth and development in children.pptx

Growth and development

1. Growth And Development Presented By Dr. V. U. Gawai Professor and HOD GAC, Nanded

2. INTRODUCTION The Process Of Growth And Development Starts Before The Baby Born I.E From The Conception In The Mothers Womb. The Period Extend Through Out The Life Cycle, But The Principles Changes From The Conception To The End Of Adolescence. Growth And Development Are Closely Interrelated. Each Child Has Individualised Pattern Of Growth And Development.

3. GROWTH This is the process of physical maturation. Refers to an increase in the physical size of whole body and various organs. It occurs by multiplication of cells and an increase in intracellular substance. It is a quantitative changes of the body. It can be measured. Eg weight in kg It is a progressive and measurable phenomenon

4. DEVELOPMENT It Is The Process Of Functional And Physiological Maturation Of The Individual. It Is Progressive Increase In Skills And Capacity To Function. It Is Related To Maturation And Myelination Of The Nervous System. It Includes Physiological, Emotional And Social Changes. It Is A Qualitative Aspect Of Maturation And Difficult To Measure. It Is Orderly.

5. IMPORTANCE OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT To Learn What To Expect From A Particular Child At Particular Age. To Assess The Normal Growth And Development Of A Child. Gaining Better Understanding Of The Reasons Behind Illnesses. Helping In Formulating A Plan Of Care. Helping In Parents Education ‘In Order To Achieve Optimal Growth And Development At Particular Stage

6. STAGES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PRENATAL Embryonic : conception – 8 weeks of gestation Foetal stage : 8-40 week / 42 week INFANCY Neonate : birth to End of 1month Infancy : 1month to End of1 yr

7. EARLY CHILDHOOD Toddler : 1-3years Preschool : 3-6years MIDDLE CHILDHOOD School : 6-12 years LATE CHILDHOOD Adolescence :13 yrs to approx. 18yrs

8. Age Classification As Per Ayurveda As per Kashyap Acharya 0 – 1yr - Bal Avastha 1 – 16y - Kumar Avastha 16- 34yr - Yuvan Avastha 34 – 70yr - Madhyama Avastha Above 70yr-Vriddha Avastha

9. As Per Charka Acharya A. Bal Avastha 1.Aparipakva Dhatu : Birth to 16yr 2.Vivardhman Dhatu : 16 to 30yr B. Madhyama Avastha : 30 to 60yr c. Vriddha Avastha : 60 to 100yr

10. As Per Sushrut Acharya A. Bal Avastha Kshirap : Birth to 1yr Kshirannad : 1yr to 2yr Annad : 2yr to 16yr B. Madhyama Avastha Vriddhi : 16 to 20yr Youvan : 20 to 30 yr Sampurnta : 30 to 40yr Hani : 40 to 70yr c. Jara Avastha : Above 70yr

11. Factors Affecting Growth And Development Hereditary and genetic factors The heredity of man and women determine that of children. Health history of parents is studied to determine the hereditary traits likely to exist in children

12. SEX After birth the male infant is both longer and heavier than female infant. Girls mature earlier Earlier eruption of permanent teeth in female child

13. ENVIRONMENT Prenatal environment- important for foetal growth eg - 1.alcoholic mother – IUGR 2.maternal infection- Congenital defects 3.nutritional deficit- low birth weight infant 4.endocrine disturbance – Reflects in foetus in mother

14. Postnatal Environment 1. Mode Of Delivery – normal delivery with risk of birth trauma 2. Gestational Age – Preterm birth low chance of weight gain in younger age 3. Infection – immunocompromised children

15. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS Children's from low socioeconomic back ground have low rate of growth and development as compared with higher socioeconomic class High risk of being malnourished is more in low socioeconomic class Immune compromised children's

16. NUTRITION It is related to both qualitative and quantitative supply of carbohydrate, proteins, fat. Well nourished child have better rate of growth and development as compared to malnourished children Eg – Delayed dentition in calcium deficiency

17. CLIMATE AND SEASON Climate variation influences infants health. Eg.in summer more chances of diarrhoeal diseases Older children's achieve more weight and height gain in late summer and Autumn

18. EXERCISE Exercise improves blood circulation promotes physiological activity and muscular development in children. Exercise also improves immunity against seasonal infections.

19. Laws of Growth Growth and Development of children is a continues and orderly process however there are specific periods in child's life when the rate of growth is steady , accelerates , decelerates. examples Foetus grows faster in first half of gestation. Then rate of growth is slows down until Birth of foetus

20. 2. Growth pattern of every individual is unique Order of growth in human beings is cephalocaudal and Distal to Proximal Growth of head occurs before that of neck and arms Distal parts of the body such as hand increase in size before upper arm Head control achieve early followed by spinal muscle co ordination.

21. 3. Different tissues of the body grow at different rates General body growth is faster during the fetal life, first one or two years of postnatal life and also during puberty The brain growth is rapid in the first 2yrs of postnatal life there after acquiring neuromotor functions and cognitive ability Gonadal growth is dormant during early life and then rapidly takes place during pubertal age