growth and development of a toddler.pptx

PEDIATRICS

1. growth and development of a toddler PRESENTED BY :- RAMANPREET KAUR AND PAWANDEEP KAUR POST BASIC BSC-1 ST YEAR SKSS COLLEGE OF NURSING,SARABHA,LUDHIANA.

2. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER

3. WHO IS A TODDLER ? The toddler period extends from age of 1 year to approximately 3 years of age. A toddler is a child approximately 12 to 36 months old. A young child who is just learning to walk.

4. IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE AGE GROUP NAME OF VACCINE DOSE ROUTE 15 MONTHS MMR VARICELLA PCV BOOSTER 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml SC SC IM 16-18 MONTHS DPT IPV HIB 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml IM IM/SC IM 18 MONTHS Hep-A 0.5 ml IM

5. TODDLER MILESTONES PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT MOTOR DEVELOPMENT SENSORY DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

6. PHYSICAL GROWTH Physical growth refers to an increase in body size (length or height and weight) and in the size of organs.

7. BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)

8. HEIGHT AND WEIGHT CHANGES WEIGHT Toddler gains 1.8 to 2.7kg a year. At 2 years – 12kg. At 2 and half yrs – weight is 4 time that at birth. Gain about 5kg between 1-3 years. HEIGHT Height increases by 10 to 12.5 cm per year. In 2 nd years – about 85 cm.

9. HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE & FONTANNEL CHANGE Head circumference increases by 2.5cm during 2 nd year (49-50cm). By 2 year ,the chest circumference exceeds that of head. Anterior fontanels closes between 12 & 18 months.

10. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLERS 15 MONTHS 18 MONTHS 24 MONTHS 30 MONTHS Legs appear bowed. Height increases at the rate of 3 inches per year for next 7 years. Weight increases 4-6 pounds per year. Anterior fontanel closes. 10-14 deciduous teeth present. Toilet training may begin as voluntary control of anal and urethral sphincter occurs. Has temporary teeth . Weight gain is 1.8-2.7 kg. Average weight is 12kg. Height increases about 10-12.5cm of birth length. Pulse rate is 110 +- 20/minute. Respiration is 26-28/minute . Blood pressure is 100/65 +- 25/20 mm Hg. Average weight is 13kg. Average length is 92cm.

11. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT GROSS MOTOR FINE MOTOR

12. GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 15 MONTHS 18 MONTHS 24 MONTHS 30 MONTHS Stands without help. Walks well. Creep-up stairs. Walk upstairs. Pulls and pushes toys. Walks on heel - toe. Walks up and down stairs holding wall. Can stand on one foot. Jumps well.

13. FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 15 MONTHS 18 MONTHS 24 MONTHS 30 MONTHS Scribbles. Builds tower of 2 blocks. Pokes finger in hole. Turn pages. Holds cup. Removes socks Can make tower of 3-4 cubes. Turns 2-3 pages at a time. Can eat with spoon. Removes simple garments. May untie shoes. Picks up objects from floor. Can build tower of 6-7cubes. Imitates vertical lines. Turns pages, one at a time. Drinks with glass. Pulls garments, e.g.socks . Can brush teeth with help. Can make tower of 6-8 cubes. Can feed self. Can throw large ball overhead. Can button and unbotton clothes. Places simple shapes in correct holes.

14. SCRIBBLES scribbling is a very important phase for children aged eighteen months to five years. It is a visual way for them to communicate and interact in a meaningful way with the adults in their lives, and also helps childrento develop their coordination, creative and literacy skills. BUILDS TOWER OF 2 BLOCKS

15. POKE FINGER IN HOLE   Babies don't know where it's safe to poke their fingers, so dangerous places like electrical outlets need to be covered. HOLD CUP

16. TURN PAGES Toddlers rapidly develop hand and finger skills during their second year of life. They can now manipulate small objects with ease, turning the pages of books REMOVE SOCKS Toddler can typically learn to cooperate with dressing by take off loose-fitting socks by 18 months of age.

17. REMOVE SIMPLE CLOTHES UNTIE SHOES

18. MAKE TOWER OF 3-4 CUBES CAN EAT WITH SPOON Most babies won't be able to use a spoon until they're about 18 months old. But it's a good idea to let your child use a spoon from a much earlier age.

19. PICKS UP OBJECTS FROM FLOOR BUILD TOWER OF 6-7 CUBES

20. IMITATES VERTICAL LINES DRINKS WITH GLASS As soon as your child can hold something in his two hands introduce a small glass for drinking. When we offer him a glass instead of a bottle or ' sippy ' cup he feels he is being like a 'grown up'. Putting this trust in your child makes him feel good about himself. The first line children typically learn how to draw is a vertical line starting at the top of the paper and finishing with a downward stroke. This is typically around 23-24 months.

21. BRUSH TEETH WITH HELP   A small pea-sized amount of children's toothpaste (low fluoride) can be used from 18 months of age. Brush your child's teeth and along the gum line twice a day. MAKE TOWER OF 6-8 BLOCKS

22. CAN FEED SELF   Children are learning to eat independently, which is a skill they need to develop for the later years of early childhood – and for life. ... It might seem messy, but it's one of the ways your child develops fine motor skills like learning to hold a spoon. THROW LARGE BALL OVERHEAD Make a few balls out of socks and challenge your child to practice throwing with you into the box from various distances

23. BUTTON & UNBOTTON CLOTES PLACES SIMPLE SHAPES IN CORRECT HOLES Sorting shapes is a great way to get better coordination and develop thinking skills

24. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 15 MONTHS 18 MONTHS 24 MONTHS 30 MONTHS Comprehends more than communicating. Recognizes names of body parts. Says 2-6 words. Responds to simple commands. Uses gestures more than words to make needs known. Use of words may be quite inconsistent. Enjoys story. Knows at least 4 body parts. Has vocabulary of 300 words. Refers to self by name. Knows at least 5 body parts. Can speak sentences of 4-5 words. Uses plural Ask ‘why’.

25. COMPREHENDS MORE THAN COMMUNICATING Kids this age are better able to comprehend what is said to them and express what they want through ... Most kids say their first words around the time of their first birthday. ... (when your child points to the refrigerator), then wait for a response. RECOGNIZES NAMES OF BODY PARTS Start by pointing to your own nose and say 'nose'. Then point to your baby's nose and repeat 'nose'. Do this for a few days consecutively, before moving on to other  body parts  – the eyes, mouth, ears, hair, hands, toes, fingers and more. Now make a game out of finding the right  body  part.

26. USING GESTURES MORE THAN WORDS TO MAKE NEED KNOWN USE OF WORDS MAY BE QUITE INCONSISTENSE

27. ENJOYS STORY Storytime  is structured to help show parents and caregivers ways they can help their child interact with books and develop early literacy skills; it is more than simply picking a book to read REFERS TO SELF BY NAME As children begin talking to themselves, their communication skills with the outside world improve. "This is when language comes inside,"

28. USES PLURAL When learning to use the plural –s, , toddlers first mark the plural on selected, frequently used words (e.g., “dogs”). Gradually, toddlers will mark the plural on many different nouns ASK ‘WHY’. This development typically starts around ages 2 or 3 and continues on into ages 4 and 5. Asking “why” is a sign of curiosity and wanting to understand the world around them, which can seem big and daunting for a toddler. Understanding can help increase security and confidence, so the “why” questions are important.

29. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 15 MONTHS 18 MONTHS 24 MONTHS 30 MONTHS Egocentric. Hugs and kisses. Imitates parents. Imitates adult roles. Imitates house work. Enjoys solitary play. Enjoys parallel play. Enjoys play with doll. Will do simple household tasks. Knows own gender. Parallel play continues. Shows temper tantrums.

30. EGOCENTRIC   The egocentric child assumes that other people see, hear, and feel exactly the same as the child does HUGS AND KISSES They're learning about how people show love to other people

31. IMITATES PARENTS Even at a very young age, children imitate their parents' behavior . Parent and caregiver behavior presents powerful lessons to a child and leaves impressions on the developing mind. Children store in their mind both positive and negative images that may be imitated or tested at a later time IMITATES ADULT ROLE  A child imitating older kids and adults is also learning new skills from them.

32. IMITATES HOUSE WORK Around the House. Among the actions toddlers most love to imitate are household activities, such as sweeping the floor ENJOYS SOLITARY PLAY Solitary play teaches babies how to entertain themselves — undoubtedly helpful when you need to get things done — and also fosters their future independence. Solitary play is often first seen in children ages 0–2, before they start interacting and playing with other kids

33. ENJOYS PARALLEL PLAY ENJOYS PLAY WITH DOLL

34. DO SIMPLE HOUSEHOLD TASK Children can learn a lot from doing household chores. ... You can start with simple jobs like looking after his own toys. KNOWS OWN GENDER Most children typically develop the ability to recognize and label stereotypical gender groups, such as girl, woman and feminine, and boy, man and masculine, between ages 18 and 24 months

35. SHOWS TEMPER TENTRUMS Temper tantrums are unpleasant and disruptive behaviors or emotional outbursts. They often occur in response to unmet needs or desires. Tantrums are more likely to occur in younger children or others who cannot express their needs or control their emotions when they are frustrated

36. INJURY PREVENTION Motor vehicle accidents Drowning Burns Suffocation Falls Poisoning

37. IMAGES OF INJURY PREVENTION

38. TIPS FOR INJURY PREVENTION • Put toddler gates on stairways and keep any doors to cellars and porches locked . • Show child how to climb up and down stairs. • Remove sharp-edged furniture from frequently used areas. • Turn handles to back of stove while cooking. • Teach child the meaning of “hot .” • Keep electric cords out of child’s reach. • Use shock stops or furniture to cover used and unused outlets. • Store household products such as cleaners, chemicals, medicines and cosmetics in high places and locked cabinets .

39. TO BE CONT....... • Avoid giving child peanuts, popcorn, raw vegetables and any other food that could cause choking. • Toys should not have small parts. • Always carefully supervise; never leave a child alone in or near any body of water even for a few seconds. • Check fl oors and reachable areas carefully for small objects such as pins, buttons, coins, etc.

40. SUMMARIZATION Who is a toddler? Which vaccines are giver to toddler? Which toddler milestones are included in toddler? What is BMI? Injury preventions of toddler?