Growth and development of preschooler

Growth and development of preschooler

1. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOLER

2. Introduction Pre schoolers are emerging as creative person who are preparing for their future roles in society. Pre schooler continues to need physical affection and love from their parents. These needs may be less frequent or may take a different form from those of the toddler period. Children individual needs and preference should be respected. For instance some children prefer a social play time in which taught and feeling are shared. Others may prefer a quite time in mutual love and caring is communicated. Both choices provide an opportunity for children to use their practically developing language ability. Parents serving as role models, need to remember that preschooler record all that is seen, hear, and selt in their environment

3. 3 YEARS

4. PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

5. Children in preschool years grow relatively slowly. They become taller and thinner without gaining weight Weight Approximately 12.5-16.5 kg (27.5-36.3 Ibs ). Has gained 2.27 kg (5 Ib ) during third year Height Approximately 90.5-101.5 cm (35.5-40 in) Gained 8 cm (3inch) in third year Pulse 105 ± 15 (average 95 beats/minute) Respirations 25 ± 5 per minute Blood pressure 100 ± 24 67 + 25

6. GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

7. Walks a straight line

8. Walks backward Walks on tiptoes

9. Runs without looking at feet Catches ball with extended arms

10. Kicks a ball

11. Jumps from a height of several inches

12. FINEMOTOR DEVELOPMENT

13. Builds a tower of 9-10 blocks

14. Copies a circle Uses blunt scissors with one hand to cut Shows preference for handedness Puts beads on string Can help with simple household tasks (dusting, Etc)

15. SELF-CARE

16. Dressing Skills Can put on coat without assistance Can undress self in most instances Toileting and Grooming Skills

17. Can pull pants up and down Can go to toilet alone Brushes teeth with help

18. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT Visual acuity 20/20 PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Beginning development of sense of initiative (3-5 years) Negative counterpart: guilt Egocentric in thought and behavior Alternates between reality and imagination Able to share but expresses idea of "mine" Less dependent on parents but needs reassurance and help Tolerates short separations from parents Significant decrease in ritualism and negativism

19. Fears the dark May have dreams and nightmares Knows own sex

20. PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Phallic Stage (3-6 years) SPIRITUALDEVELOPMENT Intuitive-Projective Faith PREOPERATIONAL THOUGHT Sub stage I: Pre conceptual (2-4 years) characterized by language acquisition Sub stage II: Intuitive stage (4-7 years); egocentric preschooler bases problem solution on only one aspect Tries to please and conforms to requests Characteristics of thought include animism and realism Able to follow directional commands Has a beginning understanding of time

21. MORAL DEVELOPMENT Pre conventional Morality Stage 1 (2 to 3 years) RECEPTIVELANGUAGE Can obey two prepositional commands (i.e. on, under) EXPRESSIVELANGUAGE Uses 4-word sentences--asks why, uses plurals Gives sex and full name Names figures in a picture Has vocabulary of 800-1000words Child should be intelligible 90% of time Likes things that squish, move, talk, and make noise Books about known things

22. Crayons, paints

23. Climbing apparatus

24. Transportation toys: tricycle. Wagons, dump trucks, doll, carriage Play telephone, Busy-Box, music, record players

25. Single puzzles, toy dishes, soap bubbles

26. 4 YEARS

27. PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

28. PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Weight Approximately 13.5-19.5 kg (29.7-42.9 Ibs ). Has gained 2.27 kg (5 Ib ) during the fourth year Height Approximately 95-109 cm (37.5-43.3 in) has Increased 8 cm (3 in) in fourth year. Has doubled birth length Pulse 100 ± 10 beats per minute (average 92 beats/minute) Respirations 24 ± 4 per minute Blood pressure 100/66 ± 20 Usually dry at night

29. GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

30. Runs on tiptoes Balances on one foot 3-5 seconds jumps from greater heights

31. Pedals a tricycle quickly; turns sharp corners Catches ball with extended arms and with hands Hops on preferred foot Climbs ladders, trees, playground equipment Alternates feet when descending stairs

32. FINEMOTOR DEVELOPMENT

33. Copies a square Draws a simple face Cuts around picture with scissors

34. SELF-CARE

35. Feeding Skills Manages spoon with little spilling Eats with fork held in fingers

36. Dressing Skills Buttons side buttons, small buttons

37. Can put on socks with help Puts on shoes (not laces) without help Knows back from front of clothes Toileting and Grooming Skills May bathe self, with assistance

38. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT Visual acuity: 20/20 PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Sense of Initiative (3-5 years) Egocentric - unable to see others' viewpoints and can't understand why others don’t see child's trends to be impatient and selfish Usually separates easily from parents Physically and verbally aggressive Still has fears dreams and nightmares continue Sexually curious Demonstrates strong attachment for parent of opposite sex Jealousy of siblings may be evident

39. More cooperative in play Although reminds others of ownership PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Phallic Stage (3-6 years) SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Intuitive – projective Faith

40. PREOPERATIONAL THOUGHT Sub stage I (2-4 years) Sub stage II (4-7 years) Classifies objects according to one characteristic Not able to conserve matter Continues to believe thoughts cause events Obeys because parents set limits, not because of understanding between right and wrong Highly imaginative Concept of time improving, especially in relation to sequence of daily routines Uses alibis to excuse behavior MORAL DEVELOPMENT Pre conventional Morality Stage 2 (4-7 Years) You do it for me. I'll do it for you

41. RECEPTIVELANGUAGE Understands directives (on. under, in back in front) EXPRESSIVELANGUAGE Names one or more colors correctly Uses "I" Counts to 5 May use profanity for attention Uses 3- to 7-word sentence Has a vocabulary of 1500 words Plays cooperatively with others Interested in world Play Hand puppets, doll house and furniture, costume box, doll, nurse or doctor kit to stimulate imagination Blackboard, chalk, paste, paper, scissors, clay, finger paints to stimulate creativity Sliding boards, swings, work bench blocks of all sizes, garden toys, Tinker Toys to encourage motor activities

42. 5 YEARS

43. Weight Approximately 15.4-21.4 kg (33.9-47 Ib ). Has gained 2.27 kg (Sib) during the fifth year Height Approximately 103-1 15 cm (40-45.3 in) Gained 8 cm (3 in) in fifth year Pulse 95 ± 15 (average 90 beats/minute) Respiration 22 ± 3 per minute Blood pressure 100/60 ± 14/10 Head size Adult size nearly reached Anticipates immediate toilet needs GROSSMOTOR DEVELOPMENT Skips, alternates feet

44. Jumps rope and jumps over objects

45. Walks a balance beam Imitates dance steps if taught

46. Catches a ball smoothly with hands Balances on one foot 8-10 seconds Roller skates

47. FINEMOTOR DEVELOPMENT Copies a triangle Crosses vertical lines Copies letters; may be able to print own name Draws a three-part man

48. SELF-CARE Feeding Skills Selects fork over spoon when appropriate Dressing Skills

49. May be able to lace shoes

50. Manages zippers in back Toileting and Grooming Skills Wipes self independently Flushes toilet after each use Bathes self Combs hair with help

51. Can blow nose when asked SENSORY DEVELOPMENT Visual acuity: 20/20 PSYCHOSOCIAL Sense of Initiative (3-5 years) Continuous to be egocentric Separates easily from parents Independent and trustworthy Has fantasies and day dreams Looks for parental Encouragement and support Engages in cooperative play industrious Appropriately relates to adults outside family PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Phallic Stage (3-6 years) SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Intuitive – projective Faith

52. PREOPERATIONAL THOUGHT Sub stage 11(4-7 years) Classifies objects according to relationships that are similar Accurately describes events Aware of cultural differences Matter-of-fact about differences in others Time orientation improving-using words with increased meanings Very curious RECEPTNELANGUAGE Carries out instruction with three suggested tasks, Le"wash , dry, sit down EXPRESSNELANGUAGE Names primary colors Asks meaning of words Names penny, nickel, dime Repeats sentence of 12 or more syllables

53. Counts 1 to 10

54. Has a vocabulary of 2100 words Plays competitive exercise games Loves to transport things in trucks, cars, wagons

55. Provide: Simple games for competitive and team play (photo 23) See-saw, jungle gym, sleds, jump rope, and skates for motor activity Construction toys, paper dolls, opportunities for collecting nature specimens for creative activity Color sets, books, and puzzles for quiet play

56. CONCLUSION: From the class we have learnt about Growth and Development of Pre Schooler, and now we can able to recognize the growth and development of pre schooler and we can able to take care of that age group children. This class helps us to provide a comprehensive care for pre schooler according to their needs.