Growth and Development of School Age Child

Growth and Development of School Age Child

1. SEMINAR ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN(6-12 YRS ) By- M. Binanda Singh HCN SRHU

2. Definition Growth – Growth is the progressive increase in the size of a child or parts o a child. Development Development is progressive increase in skill capacity to functions.

3. A. PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. Biological growth: Growth during the school years is characterize as gradual in almost all body parts. Co-ordination and muscle control increase as gross and fine motor are perfected .

4. WEIGHT AND HEIGHT During school age years shows a sex related difference. Boys gains slightly more weight. Height gain similar but boys tend to be taller.

5. AGE WEIGHT HEIGHT 6-8 years 17.5- 25.5 kg Gains 3.8 kg yearly 110-121 cm Gains 1.13 cm 8-10 years 22-32 kg Gains 3.8 kg yearly 121.5 cm- 136.5 cm Gains 1.13 cm yearly 11 years Weight 25.5 – 39.5 kg Gains 3.8 kg yearly 131.5 -147.5 cm 12 years BOYS- 30-48 kg GIRLS- 30-50 kg BOYS- 142-158 cm GIRLS-144-160 cm

6. PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: The heart assumes a more vertical position in the chest because of left ventricular development and downward placement of the diaphragm. Heart murmurs peak during 6-9 yrs of age ,these occurs in approximately 50% of all children.

7. 6-8 YEARS 8-10 YEARS 10 YEARS 12 YEARS PULSE 90 + or - 15/min 85 +or - 10/min 90 +or- 20/min BOY- 90+or-20/m GIRLS- 85+or- 20/min RESPIRATION 21 +or- 3/min 20 +or- 3/min 19+ or- 3/min 19 +or – 3/min BLOOD PRESSURE 100/60 +or – 16/10 mm hg 102/60 +or – 1 6/10 mm hg 109/58 + or – 16/10 mm hg 113/59 + or – 18/10 mm hg

8. 2. IMMUNE SYSTEM: As the immune system continuous to develop response to infection is specific and localized. Normal adult levels of the immunoglobulin are reached during the schools years.

9. 3. MOTOR SYSTEM : The school child continuous to refine previously acquired skills. The child needs regular exercise approximately 4 ½ to 6 hours daily to develop normally.

10. 4. NERVOUS SYSTEM : By 10 years of age , the nervous system is essential mature. This should be evident in the sensory and motor functions as well as in the cognitive process.

11. 5. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT : By the time the child reaches the age of 6 years, central visual activity is established. At the age 7 years, visual activity should be 20/20 which is the adult level. From 8 years of age to adolescence, the tendency to myopia increases. Sense of taste, smell mature. Able to locate application of heat, cold or a pin prick to body surface.

12. B. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

13. 6- 8 years Rides bicycles without training wheel. Runs, jumps, climbs , hops constantly in motion.

14. Contd …. Clumsy and awkward movement. Co-ordination .

15. 8-10 YEARS Performs tricks on bicycles, races. Begins to participate in organized sports. Throws ball skillfully, overheard and understand

16. 10-12 YEARS Enjoys all activities.

17. FINE MOTOR 6-8 YEARS Knows right from left Can brush and comb

18. Contd …. Learn cursive writing. Has improved eye-hand co-ordination . Bathes self unassisted

19. FINE MOTOR 8-10 YEARS 10-12 YEARS Use both hands independently . Cursive writing improved. Dresses self completely Draws a person with 18-20 parts. Co-ordination continuous to improve. Dressing and grooming skills develop. . b

20. SELF CARE 6-8 YEARS FEEDING SKILLS GROOMING AND DRESSING SKILLS At 6 years, likes to eat with finger, stuffs food into mouth talkative while eating. b) At 7 years, improved table manners, less talking, may bolt food. Self care managed, has a tendency to dawdle in bath tub. Needs to be reminded to wash hands. May need some help with dressing. Wears what is selected by parents Leaves clothes where they are removed.

21. 8-10 YEARS FEEDING SKILLS DRESSING AND GROOMING SKILLS Handles eating utensils skillfully. Dress self completely , enjoys selecting own clothes. Unaware of dirty clothes. Need to be reminded to brush teeth . 10-12 YEARS Criticizes table manners of parents. May wear some clothes continuously. Leaves clothes where the fall. Enjoys wearing currents styles of clothes. Needs constant reminding of personnel hygiene(10yr) Bathes frequently(12yrs)

22. C. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT At the age of 6, they should have learned to trust others and have sense of autonomy. Learned the fundamentals of getting along in their particular environment through experiences in living by asking questions to parents and others. Having developed a sense of initiative, their activities should be controlled by their Conscience.

23. 6-8 YEARS Beginning of development of sense of industry. Negative counterpart: inferiority. Continuous to egocentric. Bossy. Has a “know it all” attitude. Craves attention. Returns of temper- may be use verbal, physicals attack. Insists on being first on everything. Has a good day and bad day. Jealous of siblings. Fear of injury to body.

24. 8-10 YEARS Sense of industry Is ready for anything. Curious about everything. Becoming peer oriented. Begins hero worship. Consider peer opinion more important than parents. Relationship with siblings has improved. Has fears that reasonable. Aware of appropriate sexual role. Enjoys running errands, helping mother when she is busy.

25. 10-12 YEARS Sense of industry. Congenial sincere, confident. Respects parents and their role. Able to control anger (12 yrs). Has short burst of anger(10yrs). Hero worships of adults continuous. Knows about sexual intercourse. Join group- formal and informal. Has greater self control.

26. PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT The child moves into LATENCY PERIOD. (S. frued ) During the early Latency period children associate with same sex peers and tend to ignore members of opposite sex. Girls associate girls in their play and boys with boys. Girls may fears boys of same age and tends to draw apart from them.

27. Contd … Questions about ones sexuality continue. Boys and girls should be educate about reproductive cycle and respective role as they approach puberty. Both male and female sexual changes should be discussed by a caring parents. Usually if a daughter has not asked about menses by the age of 10 yrs, the parents should gently introduce the topic and her questions should be answered fully and completely.

28. INTELLECTUAL OR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT . Pre-operational thought (4-7 yrs) ( Piaget’s) Attention span increases. Can describe objects in picture. Can see differences more than similarities. Can tell time. Follows rules to avoid punishment. Takes small objects from others.

29. Concrete operational stage (7-11 yrs) Ashamed of failures. Memory span increases. Interested in school work. Time usually punctual. Shows interest in casual relationship. Makes alibis for own faults.

30. Formal operational thought (11-adult) Uses problem solving method. Can define abstract terms. Interest in the why and how. Short interest span. Collects fact for future use. Pre occupied with right and wrong. Begins to think about vocation.

31. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT Tremendous growth in their ability to use words. Expand vocabulary by 20,000-30,000 words. Sentence structure and use of grammar improve and pronounce improves. Speech proceeds from egocentric to social. Unique culture of the children is reflected in language acquisition and speech patterns.

32. SUMMARY

33. CONCLUSION

34. THANK YOU