Guava

This presentation is a basic level presentation which will help you to go through quick revisions for production technology of guava. This will help you to study about Tropical and subtropical climate fruits.

1. PRESENTATION ON GUAVA

2. COURSE TITLE – TROPICAL AND SUB TROPICAL FRUITS COURSE CODE – HORT - 317 Submitted by- KRITI - 18BSHORH041 ADYA - 18BSHORH031 DITI - 18BSHORH052 RISHAV - 18BSHORH091 RAUSHAN – 18BSHORH045 VARSHA - 18BSHORH097 RISHABH – 18BSHORH051 ALAN - 18BSHORH013 DINESH – 18BSHORH0104 Sharon – 18BSHORH011 SUBMITTED TO – Dr. Saket MISHRA

3. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION VARIETIES MORPHOLOGY ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE CLIMATE AND SOIL REQUIREMENT LAND PREPRATION PLANTING METHOD HIGH DENSITY AND MEDOW ORCHARDING MANURING AND FERTILIZERS IRRIGATION INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS HARVESTING AND YIELD POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT COMMON PEST AND DISEASE AND THEIR CONTROL NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE CONCLUSION

4. INTRODUCTION SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION GUAVA FRUIT KINGDOM – Plantae DIVISON – Magnoliophyta CLASS – Magnoliopsida SUB-CLASS – Rosidae ORDER – Myrtales FAMILY – Myrtaceae GENUS – Psidium SPECIES – P. guajava ORIGIN – Mexico, Northen America South America, Central America Also known as ‘ APPLE OF TROPICS’

5. VARIETIES Allahabad safeda Allahabad surkha Lucknow – 49 Chittidar Banarasi Mirzapuri seedless Sardar Hafshi Lalit Arka Mridula Safed jam

6. MORPHOLOGY

7. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE Guava is a good source of Vitamin C, Pectin, calcium and phosphorus. The raw fruit sereves as a good table value. The ripe fruit is used for making jams, jellies, guava syrup, guava juice. A number of recipies are made from guava like cakes, marmalade, puddings, sauce, ice-creams, butter and ketchups. The roots, bark, leaves and immature fruits are used to treat gastric problems, dysentery and diarrhea. The leaves are chewed to relive toothache. Crushed leaves are applied on wound, rhumetoid pain and ulcers. Most suitable fruit crop for jelly production due to high pectin content.

8. CLIMATE AND SOIL REQUIREMENT CLIMATE Grown in Tropical and Subtropical climatic zones. Optimum temp. 25 degrees to 32 degrees. Relative humidity – 69.0 to 80.0 Yield increases in winter affected areas. Young plants are susceptible to cold and drought. SOIL Well drained, deep loamy, friable soil. Heavy clay to loamy soil. River basins are suitable. Ideal pH – 4.5 to 8.0 No water logging

9. LAND PREPRATION The land should be deeply ploughed, harrowed and levelled before plantation. The soil should be brought to fine tilth stage. Any weed from previous crop should be removed. Proper drainage of excess water should be done.

10. PLANTING METHOD Guava can be propagated through seeds. Guava can be asexually propagated by cuttings, air layering, grafting, budding. Season of planting – June to December. Spacing – 5m * 6m Commercial propagation by Inarch grafting. Recently, CISH Lucknow recommends Wedge Grafting suitable for rapid multiplication. Fig: Air Layering

11. HIGH DENSITY AND MEDOW ORCHARDING IN GUAVA HIGH DENSITY PLANTATION RECTANGULAR plantation system is preferred. Drip irrigation system should be practiced. All year round planting can be done. Spacing : 5m * 1.5 m or 5m * 3.0m Variety suitable : LALIT MEDOW ORCHARDING MODERN practice using dwarf tree with modified cropping pattern. Topping and hedging is done on regular basis so that light availability is ample. Promotes high yield due to high photosynthetic rate. Spacing – 1 *2m

12. MANURING AND FERTILIZERS Although guava is grown without application of fertilizers and any manures, it responds well in their application by giving higher yield and better quality fruit.

13. IRRIGATION Guava is mostly grown under rainfed condition.  During winter season, irrigation is provided at an interval of 20-25 days and in the summer months it is provided at an interval of 10-15 days by the ring method . Drip irrigation has proved to be very beneficial for guava. About 60% of the water used for irrigation is saved. Besides substantial increase in size and number of fruits is observed.   Drip irrigation has proved to be very beneficial for guava. About 60% of the water used for irrigation is saved.  Besides substantial increase in size and number of fruits is observed

14. INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS Pre harvest application of calcium nitrate [2%] two weeks before harvesting improve quality at the time of harvest in guava. Intercropping of guava orchard can be done with leguminous crops like moong , guar and mash. Light pruning is necessary in guava during maturity. Gibberalic acid { 90 ppm } application 30 days before harvesting increses the shelf life of guava. Training of plants should be carried out in young stage to build a strong framework to to avoid weak crotches. Preferable training system : Open centre . GA3 induces parthenocarpy in fruit.

15. HARVESTING AND YIELD At maturity fruits turns from green to oil green to creamy in colour during ripening. Harvesting time depends on the variety grown. Hybrid varieties takes less time to reach harvesting stage. The harvesting season may last upto 3 – 4 weeks. A 10 yr guava tree gives a yield up to 100 kg of fruit. Yield of plant may depend on age of tree, climatic conditions, irrigation, soil type and cultivation practices but on an average, one can obtain crop yield of 25 tonnes / hectare.

16. MAJOR GUAVA PRODUCING STATES BIHAR ANDHRA PRADESH UTTAR PRADESH WEST BENGAL TAMIL NADU MAHARSHTRA CHHATTISGARH KARNATAKA GUJRAT

17. Yield attributes of various cultivars

18. Some post harvest products of guava

19. POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT Because of their highly perishable nature, guava fruits should be sent immediately to market after harvesting. The shelf life of guava should be extended to 3 weeks by keeping them at low temperature. Post harvest handling includes sorting, washing, grading, packaging, storage and transportation.

20. COMMON PESTS AND DISEASE AND THEIR CONTROL INSECTS AND PESTS FRUIT FLY Symptoms – During monsoon season, the adult lay egg on surface of fruits. On hatching the maggots enter in fruits and cause fruit drop. This causes yield to go down drastically. Control – Plucking and burning of all affected guava fruits. Foliar application of M alathion 0.05%. MEALY BUG Symptoms – Mealy bug sucks sap from guava leaves, twigs and flowers. The affected plant may get dry and die. Control – The guava plant should be banded from polythene so that the nymphs are prevented from climbing up the tree. Spray of Metacid 0.1% to control. DISEASE GUAVA WILT Causal organism – Fusarium Symptoms – Yellowing of leaves and twigs from tip and wilting of whole guava tree. Control – 15 grams of Bavistine should be applied on the basin of each plant after pruning takes place. ANTHRACNOSE Causal Organism - colletotrichum

21. LEAF SPOT Causal organism - psedocercospora psidii ALGAL LEAF SPOT Causal organism - cephaleuros virescens GUAVA RUST Causal organism - puccinia psidii

22. Anthracnose guava rust Guava rot ALGAL LEAF SPOT

23. NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE

24. CONCLUSION Guava cultivation is commercially very profitable. Guava is a low maintenance fruit crop. 4 th most important fruit crop in india . Highly cross pollinated fruit crop. High table value fruit. Cost effective fruit so called ‘POOR MAN’S APPLE’. High nutritional valued crops.

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