Haitian Revolution presentation 1804 YO Z

Haitian Revolution

1. Who was Toussaint Louverture? Print made from an 1838 engraving French print from An 1802 engraving

2. Brief Overview of the Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804 Eric Beckman Anoka HS, MN The Louverture Project Liberty, Equality, Fraternity @GMU McKay, et al, History of Western Society

3. Haiti

4. Haiti

5. Haiti Hayti, Taino word for the island Western half of Santo Domingo, aka Hispaniola French colony of Saint-Domingue, 1697-1804 Second Independent nation-state in Western Hemisphere Site of largest successful slave revolt in history

6. French Saint-Domingue (Haiti) Sugar , coffee, and indigo Slave labor Rich est colony Sugar Mill, engraving from 17 th c. French book

7. People of French St.-Domingue Enslaved African Free people of color ( gens de couleur) Some biracial Some black Whites Petit blancs Plantation owners Many absentee

8. Boukman Rebellion, 1791 slave revolt → revolution Secret meetings - Vodou Armies Rebelling slaves Free men of color Royalist whites Republican whites Toussaint Louverture Rebel leader Spanish support French Revolution: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

9. Boukman's Rebellion became a war Toussaint Louverture 's army won victories 10,000 whites fle d St.-Domingue (Haiti) French National Assembly enfranchise d free men of color But, maintain ed slavery Racial violence: petit blancs v. gens de couleur

10. Civil War in Haiti, years of fighting Political: Royalist v s. Republican Racial White elite v Free men of color Rebelling Slaves Toussaint Louverture's army conquer ed northern Haiti

11. End of Slavery Enslaved people rebelled French Proclamations Revolutionary armies in Haiti join with French

12. Toussaint Louverture became a French Official Led his Army against Spanish & British Other Haitian s Toussaint Louverture won victories over the whole island of Santo Domingo

13. Napoleon Bonaparte seize d power in France, 1799 Rules as dictator in the name of the French Revolution (?)

14. Toussaint Louverture rule d whole island as Governor-General, 1801-1802 Constitution of 1801 (for all of Santo Domingo) Abolished slavery Elected legislature Santo Domingo remains French Toussaint Louverture = Governor General for life

15. Napoleon s en t an Army to Reconquer St. Domingue (Haiti), 1802 A ttempt ed to reinstitute slavery Massive French casualties 50,000 of 58,000 War Disease French deceive d and imprison ed Toussaint Louverture

16. Toussaint in Prison D ie d in French prison, 1803

17. Haitian Independence! Former Slave Jean Jacques Dessaline and former “free man of color” Alexandre Petion lead Haitians to victories over French troops

18. Haitian Independence, 1804 French abandoned Dessalines A bolished s lavery Dessalines with the Haitian bicolor , blue over red

19. Haitian Revolution in World History Napoleon abandon ed American empire sold Louisiana News spreads to the US Rebellious slaves Paranoid slave owners Haiti shelter ed Simon Bolivar Toussaint L’ouverture : hero

20. Who was Toussaint Louverture? Print made from an 1838 engraving French print from An 1802 engraving

21. Source: Tobias Lear