Harvard Referencing The Basics 2024.pptx

Harvard referencing

1. Referencing: The Basics

2. Learning outcomes: Why you need to use references in your academic work What are references and citations The differences between quoting and paraphrasing How to create references on Library Search How to check that your references are correct Creating references using the Harvard style .

3. Why reference? Highlight and back-up relevant points and facts Demonstrate that you have read widely Give credit to the author/creator Achieve a better mark or grade Reader can locate original source used Avoid plagiarism. Adapted from: https://www.citethemrightonline.com/Basics/what-is-referencing

4. How do I know which referencing style to use? Most students at Middlesex University are expected to use the Harvard referencing style However some programmes such as engineering, psychology and law use different styles Your module or programme handbook will tell you which style to use If you are not sure, ask your Module Leader or Student Learning Assistant This guide covers Harvard.

5. What are citations and references? Citations are used in the text of your essay and show the reader where you have got your information or facts from i.e. from a book, journal article or web page. They should be used whenever you quote or paraphrase information in your work. There are two main ways of using citations in your work. As part of the narrative, or in brackets. References are located at the end of your essay (i.e. the reference list) and will be an alphabetical list (by author) of all the items you have cited. You can see examples of Harvard citations and reference lists on the following slides.

6. Using citations and references (Harvard) Citations: Narrative format According to Chapman and Dixon (2009) recent development in multimedia technology have led to a ten-fold increase in the ownership of………. Parentheses or bracket format Ownership of hand-held digital devices has increased ten-fold due to recent developments in multimedia technology (Chapman and Dixon, 2009) . Reference list: Arundal , T. (2016) ‘Ignore new technology at your peril’, The Guardian, 7 July. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/media-network/2016/jul/07/ignore-new-technology-at-your-peril (Accessed: 24 October 2018). Chapman, N. and Dixon, J. (2009) Digital multimedia. 3rd edn . Chichester: John Wiley. Foster, B. (2017) Developments in multimedia. San Francisco: Addison-Wesley. Wright, P. (2005) ‘Rapid prototyping in consumer product design’, Communications of the ACM , 48(6), pp.36-41.

7. Quoting and Paraphrasing (Harvard) Original text as found in a book: The massive collection of data by the AML technologies that populate the intelligent environment enables extensive profiling, which in turn is necessary to deliver the benefits delivered by AML. Quoted in your essay: According to Hart, Smith and Wilson “the massive collection of data by the AML technologies that populate the intelligent environment enables extensive profiling, which in turn is necessary to deliver the benefits delivered by AML” (p. 437, 2008). Paraphrased in your essay: In order for AML technologies to perform correctly they must collect profiles. As a result, it is necessary for them to collect a large amount of data (Hart, Smith and Wilson, 2008). Reference: Hart, N., Smith, G. and Wilson, J. (2008) Technologies for fraud detection and prevention . 3 rd edn. Chichester: John Wiley.

8. Click on ‘Sign-in’, choose ‘Middlesex University’ and use your University email address and IT password. Create references with Library Search Search for information on Library Search . Once you have a list of useful items you can start to create references which you can use in your academic work.

9. To create a reference… …click on the quotation mark ( “ ” ) and select the referencing style that you require i.e. Harvard. A reference is created. ‘Copy’ the reference into the reference list in your essay or email it to yourself. You MUST use Cite Them Right Online , to check that the reference created is correct. You will probably need to make a few small changes

10. Ashby, M. F. and Johnson, K. (2010) Materials and design . 2 nd edn . Amsterdam: Butterworth- Heinemann. Book reference created by Library Search (Harvard) Book reference corrected using Cite Then Right (Harvard) Ashby, Michael F. & Johnson, Kara., 2010 Materials and design. 2 nd ed., Amsterdam: Butterworth- Heinemann References created on Library Search need a few changes to make them correct. Journal article reference created by Library Search (Harvard) Wright, Paul, Rapid prototyping in consumer product design. Communications of the ACM , 2005 vol.48 No. 6, pp.36–41. Journal article reference corrected using Cite Then Right (Harvard) Wright, P. (2005) ‘Rapid prototyping in consumer product design’, Communications of the ACM , 48(6), pp.36–41.

11. Other ways to create references It is often possible to create references on other resources such as Google Scholar and journal databases. Always check that your references are correct using Cite Them Right Online (next slide).

12. Cite Them Right Online myUniHub > My Study > My Library > Databases > C Use Cite Them Right to ensure your references are correct. Choose the reference style and then the type of information that you need to reference.

13. Ward, P. (2008) Database management systems. 2nd edn . Clifton Park: Cengage. Title Author Date Edition Publisher Place of publication This is how to reference a book (Harvard)

14. Mori, G., Paterno , F. and Santoro, C. (2002) ‘CTTE: Support for developing and analyzing task models for interactive system design’, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering , 28(8), pp.797-813. Volume ( issue number) Author(s) Title of article Date Pages This is how to reference a journal article (Harvard): Title of journal

15. Web page with organisation as author National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ( (2019)  Antenatal care for uncomplicated pregnancies. Clinical guideline (CG62) .   Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg62 (Accessed: 19 February 2019). Title of web page Author Date URL Date when accessed This is how to reference web pages (Harvard) Web page with individual author(s) Burton, P.A. (2012)  Castles of Spain . Available at: http://www.castlesofspain.co.uk/ (Accessed: 14 October 2018). Author Date Title of web page URL Date when accessed

16. Referencing top tips Create references using Library Search Use Cite Them Right Online Be consistent Don’t leave it until the last minute! Good references take time