HEALTH AND ILLNESS BY NIDA FAREEN SUBJECT NURSING FOUNDATION FOR B.SC NURSING

NURSING FOUNDATION
HEALTH AND ILLNESS

1. Topic presentation on health & illness (unit-1 st ) Presented by MS Nida Fareen Nursing tutor Max healthcare, Lucknow.

2. WHAT IS HEALTH? Health has been declared as a fundamental human right. Governments all over the world are striving to expand and improve their health care services with enormous progress in medical science. Health includes all of the following aspects: Physical health Mental health Emotional health Social health Spiritual health

3. DEFINITION OF HEALTH “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” WHO (1948) “Health is a condition, in which all parts and subparts are in harmony with the whole of the patient.” NEUMAN

4. WHAT IS ILLNESS? An illness is a response of the person to a disease, it is an abnormal process by which the person’s level of functioning is changed when compared with the previous level. “Illness is a product of disharmony interactions (disease) between mind, body and soul.”

5. WELLNESS “Well-being or wellness is a subjective perception of vitality and felling well, can be described as objectively, experienced and measured.” HOOD AND LEDDY

6. CONCEPT OF HEALTH Health has been viewed differently by experts according to their own area of interest. The concepts of health have been changing with newer discoveries in the field of health. Some of the concepts of health are discussed below: Biomedical concept Ecological concept Psychosocial concept Holistic concept

7. Biomedical concept- This concept stresses on ‘germ theory’ i.e. disease or ill-health is due to disease causing germs. The individual is healthy only if he is free from disease. but this concept is rejected because it fails to explain that many diseases and problems arises not due to disease causing organisms but other factor are prevalent in the environment such as malnutrition, drug addiction, accidents, mental illness and heart diseases. Disease Man Disease

8. Ecological Concept- the word ecology comes from a Greek word “oikos”, which means a house. Ecologists consider that there is a relationship between man’s environment and health. According to this concept ,”health is a state of dynamic equilibrium or adjustment between man and his environment”. HEALTH EQUILIBRIUM Environment Agent Host

9. Psychosocial Concept- It relates to the mental well-being. physical health and psychological well-being are interrelated. A sound mind in a sound body is a very common saying. Individual’s relationship with his fellows may precipitate the onset of psychosocial disorders such as peptic ulcer. Holistic Concept- This Concept holds that individual’s health is one whole having sound mind in a sound body, in a sound family, sectors in the society and in a sound environment. all the sectors in the society namely agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, education, housing, public works department, communication and political system have an influence on health.

10. Holistic Concept- This Concept holds that individual’s health is one whole having sound mind in a sound body, in a sound family, sectors in the society and in a sound environment. all the sectors in the society namely agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, education, housing, public works department, communication and political system have an influence on health.

11. DIMENSION OF HEALTH Physical Dimension Mental Dimension Social Dimension Emotional Dimension Spiritual Dimension Vocational Dimension Environmental Dimension

12. Physical dimension- This dimension is related to body structure and its functions. It is the physical state of perfect functioning pf the of the body. Mental dimension- Mental health is defined as, “A state between the individual and the surrounding world, a state of harmony between onself to others, a co-existence between the realities of the self and that of other people and that the environment”.

13. Social dimension- Man lives in society, contributes to the society. Social health takes into account the individual as an integral part of the family, community and the whole world. Emotional Dimension- Emotional health is related to feelings. It involves the ability to recognize, accept and express emotions and feelings of oneself and others and the ability to manage stress and conflicts. Spiritual Dimension- Spiritual dimension of health refers to the individual’s striving for findings meaning and purpose of life. Vocational Dimension- These are important aspect of health. Vocation gives an individual sense of achievement, purpose and realization.

14. Environmental Dimension- environmental has two dimension’s, i.e. internal and external. internal environment refers to each and every component, part, tissue, organ, system etc. external dimensions refers to physical, biological, chemical environment.

15. ILLENSS/WELLNESS CONTINUUM MODEL The illness-wellness continuum was first envisioned by John. W Travis in 1972. in this model, at the centre , there is neutral point where opposite directors are joined. Moving to right indicates increase level of wellness achieved by awareness ,

16. FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH There are various factors affecting health and illness: Rising health care costs Physical factors Ageing Psychological factors Environmental factors Host factors Agent

17. CAUSES FOR DEVELOPING ILLNESS Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms-such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Some infectious diseases can be passed from person to person. Some are transmitted by insects or other animals. RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING ILLNESS “Risk is the potential of losing something of value (such as-physical health).”

18. CAUSES FOR DEVELOPING ILLNESS 1. Caused by micro-organisms- Bacteria Fungi Parasite Virus 2. Direct contact Person to person Animal to person Mother to unborn child

19. 3 . Indirect contact 4. Insects bites 5. Risk groups (suspectable population) 6. Physical situation 7. Biological situation 8. socio-cultural situation

20. Illness An illness is a response of the person to disease, it is an abnormal process in which persons level of functioning is changed when compared with the previous level. Types It can be classified into 4 types Acute illness- it has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts for a short time. The symptoms depend on the cause, may or may not require intervention by health care proffeionals .

21. Chronic illness- It is one that lasts for an extended period usually 6 months or longer. Terminal illness- Terminal illness is a term, used for serious critical illnesses, which cannot be cured or treated adequately and the life expectancy of the person is estimated to 6 months or less assuming that the disease will progress and death of the patient regardless or treatment. Age-related illness- Age related illness means disease of the elderly.

22. Illness behavior Illness behavior is a complex process. Stages of illness behavior The people generally pass through five stages of illness behavior. This pattern involves how a person seeks, finds and complete the health care. Suchman (1979) describes the stages as: Symptoms Experience Assumption of the sick role Medical care contact

23. 4. Assuming dependent role 5. Recovery or rehabilitation

24. Impact of illness on the patient and family Illness is never an isolated process. When an illness strikes a person, the family as a whole affected by the disease process. The changes due to illness that the patient and family experience are as follows: Behavioral changes Impact on family roles Impact on body image Impact on self concept Impact on family dynamics

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