(heart beat) regulation of cardiac activity

regulation of cardiac activity is given in brief along with the cardiac diseases. For diseases, just pictures are added you need to go through the explanation separately so that pictures will make you to explain it easily.

1. DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY PRESENTED BY, INDIRA G, I- M.Sc DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY, KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY. UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF, Dr. H. S. RAGHU, LECTURER , DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY, KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY. JNANA SAHYADRI, SHANKARAGHATTA KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY

2. REGULATION OF CARDIAC ACTIVITY

3. INTRODUCTION Heart is a wonderful organ made up of specialized muscles called as cardiac muscles which is involuntary in function. Since it is auto-regulated by specialized muscle cells, it is called as “ MYOGENIC ” The main function of the heart is to pump the blood to various parts of the body. Cardiac cycle helps in the circulation of blood throughout the body.

4. INTRINSIC REGULATION OF HEART BEAT

5. EXTRINSIC REGULATION OF HEARTBEAT

6. NEURAL REGULATION

7. Carried out by the ANS ( Autonomic Nervous System). Includes sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve regulation. The cardiac reflex centre baroreceptors & chemoreceptor responds to various signals from cerebral hemispheres. The cardiovascular control centre also plays an very important role in regulating the cardiac activity which is located at the ventro-lateral medulla. The sympathetic components leads to TACHYCARDIA by releasing the cardio-accelerators. E.g.: catecholamine The parasympathetic component leads to BRADYCARDIA by releasing the cardio-inhibitors. E.g .: acetylcholine CNS also plays a very important role in regulation of heartbeat. CNS sends an impulse through the cardiovascular centre in the medulla. There is a co-ordinate and quick response of both the heart and the blood vessels to change blood pressure , tissue perfusions to respond to the requirements. Therefore both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves works together to regulate the heart rate.

8. HORMONAL REGULATION OF HEARTBEAT

9. Hormones which increases the heart rate

10. Hormones which decreases the heart rate`

11. Epinephrine & Nor-epinephrine Acetylcholine Heart rate Heart rate Effect Of Neurohormones

12. Other Factors Influencing The Heart Rate

13. Digitalis – increases strength of heart muscles and accelerates heart rate. This drug is used for low B.P but very high concentration can stop heart beat. Atropin - which is a stimulatory drug which results in Tachycardia by supressing acetylcholine, hence used as antidote against toxic effect of many poisonous substances. β -blockers like inderal,propandarol , Muscarin , eserine , pilocarpine cause Bradycardia by mimicking acetylcholine . Pulmonary bronchiodialators like isoproterenol , ephedrine cause Tachycardia. Drugs that acts as stimulants such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine also results in Tachycardia. Effects of drugs

14. BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL EMOTIONAL STRESS . LACK OF SLEEP STRESS ANGER FEAR, etc. These factors also determines the increase or decrease of heart rate ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS

15. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

16. HEART FAILURE:

17. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

18. HYPERTENSION

19. CARDIOMYOPATHY

20. HEART ATTACK

21. DETECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

22. CVDs can be detected by the following ways Echocardiogram Stress test Holter monitor Cardiac CT Chest X-Ray Cardiac cathetrization

23. TREATMENT FOR Cardiovascular DISEASES

24. BY MEDICATION By Aspirin or anticoagulants or blood thinners. By some of the drugs which lowers the cholesterol level, high blood pressure. Other medications include vasodilators, β -blockers, Calcium ion channel blockers, etc.

25. BYPASS SURGERY

26. ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER

27. CHANGE IN LIFESTYLE

28. So.., What Does It All Mean…???

29. Heart is a wonderful organ made up of specialized muscle cells called as cardiac muscles. These are involuntary in function hence it is “ Myogenic ”. Cardiac cycle helps in the circulation of blood throughout the body. This cardiac cycle can be regulated by 2 main mechanisms . They are: Intrinsic regulation of cardiac activity Extrinsic regulation of cardiac activity Autonomic regulation of cardiac activity Hormonal regulation of cardiac activity Intrinsic regulation of heart rate involves SA-node, AV-node, bundle of his , purkinje fibers . SA-node generates impulse by itself and makes the cardiac cycle.

30. Extrinsic regulation is further divided into 2 types i.e., neural regulation involves sympathetic and asympathetic nerves regulates the heartbeat. Whereas in hormonal regulation , hormones like catecholamine, acetylcholine regulates the heart rate. Other factors like environment stress, drugs also regulate the heartbeat. Cardio-vascular system is not only associated with circulation of blood, but also with certain CVDs like, heart attack, hypertension, cardiomypathy , congenital heart disease, AFib , Arrhythmia, high blood pressure, etc. Treatment involves medication with drugs, surgery, angioplasty, etc Since prevention is better than cure, we have to take care of our heart by following healthy lifestyle .

31. Know Your Risk Save Your Life…. Let Your Heart Keep Beating…!!! Thank You…!!

32. Any Questions..??