Heart Failure, Coronary Artery Disease and Heart.pptx

This is a Anatomy lecture of the pharmacy degree of sargodha university.its helps students to gain knowledge thorough very easy way.

1. Heart Failure, Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Attacks Dr Amna Batool

2. Coronary Artery D isease Coronary artery disease is  the buildup of plaque in the arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart . Plaque causes a narrowing or blockage that could result in a heart attack.

3. Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease is a narrowing or blockage of your coronary arteries usually caused by the buildup of fatty material called plaque. Coronary artery disease is also called C oronary heart disease I schemic heart disease H eart disease.

4. IHD: It's the term given to  heart problems caused by narrowed heart arteries . When arteries are narrowed, less blood and oxygen reaches the heart muscle. This is also called coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. This can ultimately lead to heart attack

5. Symptoms : Chest pain or discomfort (angina) Weakness, light-headedness, nausea (feeling sick to your stomach), or a cold sweat. Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulder. Shortness of breath

6. Causes: Coronary artery disease is caused by  atherosclerosis . Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque inside your arteries. Plaque consists of cholesterol, fatty substances, waste products, calcium and the clot-making substance fibrin. As plaque continues to collect on your artery walls, your arteries narrow and stiffen. 

7. Plaque can clog or damage your arteries, which limits or stops blood flow to your heart muscle. If your heart does not get enough blood, it can't get the oxygen and nutrients it needs to work properly. This condition is called ischemia. Not getting enough blood supply to your heart muscle can lead to chest discomfort or chest pain (called  angina ). It also puts you at risk for a  heart attack .

8. How does plaque build-up in the arteries the blood vessel walls start to show streaks of fat. As plaque deposits in your artery’s inner walls, your body fights back against this ongoing process by sending white blood cells to attack the cholesterol, but the attack causes more inflammation. This triggers yet other cells in the artery wall to form a soft cap over the plaque.

9. This thin cap over the plaque can break open (due to blood pressure or other causes). Blood cell fragments called platelets stick to the site of “the injury,” causing a clot to form. The clot further narrows arteries. Sometimes a blood clot breaks apart on its own. Other times the clot blocks blood flow through the artery, depriving the heart of oxygen and causing a heart attack

10. A blood clot is also called a thrombus. The clot may stay in one spot (called thrombosis) or move through the body (called  embolism or thromboembolism )

11. Risks: A n increased risk of coronary artery disease if you: Have a high  cholesterol  level (especially a high LDL “bad” cholesterol level and a low HDL “good” cholesterol level). Have  high blood pressure . Family history of heart disease. Have  diabetes .

12. Are a smoker. Are a man over 45 years of age or a post-menopausal woman. Are overweight. Are physically inactive.

13. H eart attack A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction,  happens when a part of the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood . The more time that passes without treatment to restore blood flow, the greater the damage to the heart muscle. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of heart attack.

14. Symptoms of Heart attack The major symptoms of a heart attack are Chest pain or discomfort.  Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center or left side of the chest that lasts for more than a few minutes or that goes away and comes back. The discomfort can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint.   Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back. Pain or discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders. Shortness of breath.  This often comes along with chest discomfort, but shortness of breath also can happen before chest discomfort

15. Risk factors of Heart attack Risk factors: Several health conditions lifestyle, age family history All these can increase your risk for heart disease and heart attack.

16. Heart failure Heart failure — sometimes known as congestive heart failure — occurs when the heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should. When this happens, blood often backs up and fluid can build up in the lungs, causing shortness of breath .

17. Heart failure can affect the right or left side of your heart or both at the same time. It can be either an  acute  (short-term) or chronic (ongoing) condition. 1. With  acute heart failure , the symptoms appear suddenly but go away fairly quickly. This condition can occur after a heart attack. It may also be a result of a problem with the heart valves that control the flow of blood in the heart. 2. With  chronic heart failure , symptoms are continuous and don’t improve over time. Most heart failure cases are chronic.

18. Heart failure is most often related to another condition. The most common cause of heart failure is coronary artery disease (CAD), a disorder that causes narrowing of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart

19. Other conditions that may increase your risk of developing heart failure include: cardiomyopathy, a disorder of the heart muscle that causes the heart to become weak congenital heart disease heart attack heart valve disease certain types of arrhythmias, or irregular heart rhythms high blood pressure

20. emphysema, a disease of the lung untreated sleep apnea diabetes an overactive or underactive thyroid HIV severe forms of anemia certain cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy