Helping (auxiliary) verbs english- M. van Eijk

Clear explanation of the basic English helping (auxiliary) verbs

1. Helping Verbs – English TO BE TO HAVE TO DO M. van Eijk MA

2. Short explanation of the 3 types of verbs :

3. 1. There are different kinds of verbs. Some show action, and some don’t. An action verb shows action. It tells what the subject of the sentence does.

4. 1. There are different kinds of verbs: Action Verbs Harko hit the ball. The cat purred softly. Lala walks to school. Melania spoke to me.

5. 2. There are different types of verbs. Some some connect, and some don’t. A linking verb links, or connects, the subject to the predicate. It does not show action.

6. 2. There are different types of verbs. Some connect, and some don’t. Common Linking Verbs am is are was were be been seems feels tastes

7. 2. There are different types of verbs. Some connect, and some don’t. Linking Verbs We are thirsty. Selma was late to school. The winner is Donald! The flower smells good.

8. 3. There are different types of verbs. Some help to, for instance, form a negative or a question, and some don’t. A helping verb helps a main verb . The helping verb comes before the main verb .

9. 3. There are different types of verbs. Some help to form a negative or a question , a perfect or a progressive (- ing ) tense and some don’t. Helping / Main Verbs I am washing my hair. Louisa has taken the test. They were talking .

10. Action Verbs Linking Verbs Helping/Main Verbs

11. An auxiliary verb helps the main (full) verb and is also called a "helping verb." With auxiliary verbs, you can write sentences in different tenses, moods, or voices. Auxiliary verbs are:  be, do, have, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought,  etc.  Main a uxiliary Verbs : "Be," , “Have“, "Do"

12. Fill in the blanks with the right form of to be ( am, are or is):   ……… you the new student?  Yes, I  . ………   ……… Selma and Florence  students.  Selma   ……… Australian .  My sister and I   ……… students.

13. Fill in the blanks with the right form of to be ( am, are or is): 6.The girls ……… tired. 7.These women  ………  beautiful. 8.The tea  ………  delicious. 9. Marge and Lala   ………  friends. 10.The newspaper  ………  cheap.

14. Answers:   Are you the new student?  Yes, I  am .   Are Selma and Florence  students.  Selma   is Australian .  My sister and I  are students. 6.The girls  are tired. 7.These women are  beautiful. 8.The tea  is  delicious. 9. Marge and Lala   are  friends. 10.The newspaper  is  cheap.

15. The Verb To Be Normally we use the verb to be to show the status or characteristics of something or someone (as a stative verb). It says what I am , what you are or what something is . The verb to be is used to create simple yes/no questions by simply inverting the order of subject and the “To be” verb. For example:- I am a teacher. (Statement) Am I a teacher? (Question)

16. Exercise Example :I ..happy > I am happy (positive)

17. Exercise Example :I .. .. rich >I am not rich ( negative ) 1. I am busy. > I .. .. Busy. (make a negative sentence ) 2. They are always arguing . (make a negative sentence ) 3. They are students .> .. .. students ? (make a question). 4. She is a friend . > .. she a friend ? (make a question). 5. Are they good friends of him ? (make a positive sentence ). 6. I am not here. (make a positive sentence ). 7. We like to drive a car . (make a negative sentence ) 8. She likes to sing. (make a question).

18. Progressive forms with to be Examples: She is work ing ./He was eat ing . The verb  to be  is used as an auxiliary to denote the  progressive  or  continuous   aspect of an action; it is thus used to form the "present progressive" and "past progressive" and other progressive tenses.

19. "Be" as an auxiliary verb 1.Used in progressive sentences : -I am taking a bath. -She is preparing dinner for us. -They have been studying all night. have been studying = predicate (meaning all the verbs together)

20. Progressive forms with to be The verb  to be  used as an auxiliary for the  progressive  or  continuous  tense (action) is also called the present continuous and past continuous tenses, etc.).  In this case,  be  is followed by the  present participle  of a verb ( – ing ).

21. Model " stand " Present  pro­gresive Future pro­gressive Preterit  pro­gresive Present perfect pro­gressive Past perfect pro­gressive 1st sing I am stand­ing I will be stand­ing I was stand­ing I have been stand­ing I had been stand­ing 2nd sing you are stand­ing You will be stand­ing You were stand­ing You have been stand­ing You had been stand­ing 3rd sing he / she... is stand­ing He / she ... will be stand­ing He/ she ... was stand­ing He / she... have been stand­ing he / she ... had been stand­ing 1st plural we are stand­ing We will be stand­ing We were stand­ing We have been stand­ing We had been stand­ing 2nd plural you are stand­ing You will be stand­ing You were stand­ing You have been stand­ing You had been stand­ing 3rd plural they are stand­ing They will be stand­ing They were stand­ing They have been stand­ing They had been stand­ing

22. "Be" as an auxiliary verb 2.Used in passive sentences : -I was given a free meal. -He was seen by fans at the airport. -This song has been sung by all nations.

23. "Be" as an auxiliary verb 2.Used in passive sentences : The verb  to be  is also used as an auxiliary to form   passive  tenses . In this case, the auxiliary  be  is followed by the  past participle  of a verb. With regular verbs usually –ed. For irregular verbs: the whole list is at the end of this presentation (you must look at the third row)

24. "Be" as an auxiliary verb 2.Used in passive sentences : Sample verb " Take " Present  simple passive Future passive Pret­erit passive Present perfect passive Past perfect passive 1st sing I am taken I will be taken I was taken I have been taken I had been taken 3rd sing It...  is taken He / she ... will be taken He / she ... was taken He / she ... has been taken He / she ... had been taken Etc. 

25. Below the verb ‘ to have’ is used as a main verb. So , not as a helping ( auxilary ) verb. Here, you can leave out ‘ got ’.

26. “Have" as an auxiliary verb a. Used in perfect sentences: I have been following you for a mile. We have done a lot so far. She had been queen of the town. If you would like to learn more about the perfect tense : http://www.slideshare.net/MatthijsVanEijk/verb-tenses-english-m-van-eijk

27. Asking questions by using a helping verb ( be, do, have, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought) The basic rule for asking questions in English is straightforward: Invert the order of the subject and the first auxiliary verb. It is snowing. = Is it snowing? He can speak German. = Can he speak German? They have lived here a long time. = Have they lived here a long time? She will arrive at ten o'clock. = Will she arrive at ten o'clock? He was driving fast. = Was he driving fast? You have been smoking. = Have you been smoking?

28. Asking questions by using a helping verb ( be, do, have, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought) If there is no auxiliary, use part of the verb 'to do'. You speak fluent French. = Do you speak fluent French? She lives in Brussels. = Does she live in Brussels? They lived in Manchester. = Did they live in Manchester? He had an accident. = Did he have an accident?

29. "Do" as an auxiliary verb a.Used in questions: Do you want to have another one? Did he finish his homework? Do we need to keep going straight?

30. "Do" as an auxiliary verb b. Used in negative sentences: - She doesn’t agree with me. - I do not know the truth. - They didn’t arrive here yet.

31. The verb to do is another common verb in English. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is often used in questions. The Verb To Do

32. Emphatic 'do' The use of a form of the verb  do  ( do, does , or  did ) to add  emphasis  to an affirmative sentence. The emphatic  do  is far more common in  speech  than in formal written English. Unlike ordinary  auxiliary verbs , which are typically unstressed in speech, emphatic  do  is almost always  stressed . (See Examples below.)

33. Emphatic 'do' "Now, I don't speak Chinese, but I  do  speak a little Polish, a little Korean, and a few words in half a dozen other languages. This comes from my living in New York City where I encountered people from every nationality on a regular basis." (Damon Vickers,  The Day After the Dollar Crashes . Wiley, 2011) "' Do  be quiet, Larry!' she said impatiently. 'Don't you hear me talking to Daddy?'" (Frank O'Connor, "My Oedipus Complex," 1952)

34. Do / does : emphatic use As you can see,  do  and  does  are used to make questions and negatives. They are not normally used in affirmative sentences. However, we can use them for emotive emphasis when we feel strongly about something. I  do  love her. (More emphatic th a n 'I love her.') She  does  look beautiful in that dress. Quiet stunning! (More emphatic than 'She looks beautiful in that dress.') You  do  look nice today!

35. Do / does : emphatic use As you can see,  do  and  does  are used to make questions and negatives. They are not normally used in affirmative sentences. However, we can use them for emotive emphasis when we feel strongly about something. He thinks I don't love him, but I  do   love him. I really   do ! I don't see my old friends often, but I  do  call them every now and then. Were you joking? I  do   believe you were pulling my leg.

36. Complete the following sentences by using the correct form of  do  ( do ,  don't ,  does ,  doesn't ). My mother likes chocolate, but she    ………. ……….         like biscuits. What   ………. the children wear at your school? Lynn's father watches badminton on TV, but he   ………….  watch judo. Where   ………. the Masons buy their fruit?   ……….     the cat like to sleep on the sofa?

37. Answers: My mother likes chocolate, but she  doesn't  like biscuits. What  do  the children wear at your school? Lynn's father watches badminton on TV, but he  doesn't  watch judo. Where  do  the Masons buy their fruit? Does  the cat like to sleep on the sofa?

38. Complete the following sentences by using the correct form of  do  ( do ,  don't ,  does ,  doesn't ). Dogs love bones, but they  ………. love peppers. Where   ………. Donald and Melania hide their CDs? We eat pizza, but we  ………. ……….  eat hamburgers.  ……….    Mrs Heineken read magazines?  ……….    the boys play basketball outside?

39. Answers: Dogs love bones, but they  don't  love peppers. Where  do  Donald and Melania hide their CDs? We eat pizza, but we  don't  eat hamburgers. Does   Mrs Heineken read magazines? Do  the boys play basketball outside?

40. LIST IRREGULAR VERBS If you don’t know wat they mean : This will help you to remember them !

41. If you don’t know wat they mean : This will really help you to remember them !!