Higher Edu and Society in the context of NEP 2020 - Dr JD Singh.pptx

Role of Higher Education in Societal development in the Context of NEP 2020

1. Higher Education and Society in the Context of NEP 2020 Dr. J D Singh Associate Professor G V (PG) College of Education (CTE) Sangaria-335063, Rajasthan Email: [email protected] Cell: [phone] A Lecture delivered as an Expert Speaker on 15th Oct. 2024 at 4:00 pm on the subtheme ''Higher Education and Society in the context of NEP 2020'' in UGC-MMTTP Sponsored Online NEP Orientation and Sensitization Programme at Ramanujan College, University of Delhi.

2. Presentation Outline Preface of NEP 2020 Five Pillars of Education Development of NEP 2020 Main Goals/ Outcomes of the NEP 2020 Importance of Higher Education in Society Major Transformational Reforms in Higher Education Role of higher Education in development of Society Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 Future Possibilities Concluding remarks

3. Preface of NEP 2020 National Education Policy 2020 is the third education policy after independence ( First introduced in 1968 & second in NPE 1986 ). The National Education Policy (NEP) 1968 and 1986 envisaged equity in educational opportunities. The NEP 1968 emphasized on restructuring the educational system, NEP 1986 stressed on the removal of disparities. The recent NEP 2020 seeks to equity and inclusion through education. Education is fundamental for achieving full human potential , developing an equitable society, and promoting national development.

4. Preface of NEP 2020 As we know “Education forms the backbone of a society.” New National Education Policy 2020 is a comprehensive framework to guide the development of  education  in the country.  It is a visionary, ambitious and comprehensive document which brings about several major reforms in  education system in   India. It is not a legal document. New Education Policy  shifts focus from 'what to think ' to 'how to  think‘ critically and solving problems. It’s vision to develop more vibrant socially conscious, innovative , knowledgeable, prosperous and skilled nation .

5. Five Pillars of Education The five guiding pillars of the new National Education P olicy 2020 are - Accessibility Equity Quality Affordability Accountability.   It will prepare our youth to meet the diverse national and global challenges of the present and future society.

6. NEP 2020 built on various Recommendations The NEP 2020 builds on recommendations of Education Policy (1968) based on Kothari Commission (1964–66) Justice J. S. Verma Commission (2012) National Policy on Education 1986 , modified in 1992 (NPE 1986/92) Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 and Rights of Persons with Disabilities ( RPWD) Act, 2016.

7. Goals of the NEP 2020 The NEP 2020 aims to:  Make ‘India a global knowledge superpower ’. Reform the education system in schools and higher education ‘Radical restructuring' of India's educational system and equalizing opportunities for all Promote multilingualism can help preserve cultural heritage, enhance cognitive abilities and improve communication skills. Enhance the quality of education and research in India Enhance creativity and critical thinking to encourage logical decision-making and innovation

8. Goals of the NEP 2020 The NEP 2020 aims to:  Develop a society by providing quality higher education that prepares students to be well-rounded, creative, and productive members of society.  Create a global hub of skilled manpower in India. Establish India as a hub for international education. The Policy says, ‘ Over 85% of  a child's cumulative brain development occurs prior to the age of 6’, which emphasizes the necessity of providing the brain with the right care and stimulation in the early years to promote a child's holistic development . 3 60 degree Holistic Progress Card that is designed to provide a multidimensional view of a child's growth and uniqueness.

9. Goals of the NEP 2020 Increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in education Enhance extensive use of technology in teaching and learning Produce socially engaged, productive and contributing citizens for building an equitable, inclusive, and plural society as envisaged by our Constitution . (Country first as per John F Kennedy (1961)," Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country ...) Moto of Policy - To Educate, Encourage and Enlighten the citizens The aim of the policy is to prepare the children of India with 21st century skills.

10. Development of NEP 2020 Process started from January 2015. The Committee was constituted under the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) in October , 2015. ISRO scientist and Chairman, Dr. K. Kasturirangan was the chairman of the NEP Committee and He submitted its Draft report on 31 May, 2019. NEP draft uploaded for online suggestions : www.MyGov.in (26.01.2015 – 31.10.2015 ) More than 2 lacs suggestions, NEP Draft Prepared again Draft NEP, 2019 Summary in 22 languages/Audio Book The new National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, released and dedicated to the nation  on 29 July 2020 .

11. Expected Outcomes of the NEP 2020 Bring Back 2 Crore Out of School Children. Building character & creating holistic and well-rounded individuals by nurturing all aspects of their growth, including their physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and moral dimensions. To increase the public investment in Education sector to reach 6% of   gross domestic product  ( GDP ) at the earliest (2.9% of GDP in 2022-23). While Global average is 4.9%. To achieve 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in preschool to secondary level by 2030 ( 79.5% in 2022 at Secondary Level ). To achieve 50% GER in Higher education including vocational education by 2035.

12. Expected Outcomes of the NEP 2020 By 2040 , all higher education institutions (HEIs) shall aim to become multidisciplinary institutions , each of which will aim to have 3,000 or more students . To pave the way to transform India into a " knowledge-based economy ". A  knowledge economy  is an  economy  in which the production of goods and services is  based  primarily upon  knowledge - intensive activities.  Knowledge-intensive activities (KIAs) are activities that rely on knowledge and are a key part of innovation.

13. Importance of Higher Education in Society Higher education plays a crucial role in society by contributing to economic growth, social progress, and overall quality of life. It provides individuals with the skills and qualifications that are valued by employers and society, allowing them to secure employment and higher earnings. H igher education helps individuals develop social and emotional skills, leading to increased social capital and social cohesion. It broadens people's perspectives, improves competitiveness and innovation, and encourages entrepreneurship and technical advancement. Higher education also has non-economic contributions, such as the transmission, transformation, and creation of knowledge, skills, norms, values and social status.

14. Importance of Higher Education in Society Education is an agent for social change, economic development, and poverty control that meets the various social, physical, economic, intellectual, and emotional needs and conditions. Knowledge of science and rational practice of scientific thinking are essential components of a fully functioning democracy. Scientific and rational education is an essential tool for solving problems like communalism, fundamentalism, and nation-building. 

15. Relationship between Higher Education & Society Education and society are interconnected and interdependent. The relationship between education and society is complex and multifactorial , with dynamic problems and contradictions. Education satisfies social needs and contributes to the reproduction and development of society. Higher education is important in society as it provides young people with advanced skills for the knowledge economy, improves employability and earnings, and helps develop social and emotional skills for effective citizenship.

16. Key Features/ Reforms in Education Curriculum to integrate 21 st Century Skills, Mathematical Thinking and Scientific temper. No Rigid Separation between Arts & Sciences, between Curricular and extra-Curricular activities, between Vocational and Academic streams. Children with disabilities will be enabled to fully participate in the regular schooling process from the foundational stage to higher education. From summative assessments to Regular and formative assessment system, i.e. ‘assessment for learning’. Combined Progress report card will be prepared by Teacher + Peers + self. No any extra duties except election duty.

17. Key Features/ Reforms in Higher Education The present complex nomenclature of HEIs in the country such as ‘deemed to be university’, ‘affiliating university’, ‘affiliating technical university’, ‘unitary university’ shall be replaced simply by ‘ University’. Single Regulator as Higher Education Commission of India (HECI ) except Medical and Legal education The four structures will be set up as four independent verticals under HECI- 1. National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC) 2. National Accreditation Council (NAC) 3. Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC) 4. General Education Council (GEC )

18. Key Features/ Reforms in Higher Education Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education - Flexibility of Subjects UG Program - 3 or 4 year duration , with multiple Entry / E xit options.   1. After completing 1 year – Certificate 2. After completing 2 years – Diploma   3. After completing 3 years – Bachelor’s  Degree 4. After 4 years – Bachelor’s  Degree in Research PG Program – 1 or 2 year Integrated 5 year Bachelor’s / Master’s ( dual degrees ) M. Phil. to be discontinued Credit Transfer and Academic Bank of Credits (ABC)

19. Key Features/ Reforms in Higher Education Three Types of HEIs : Research Intensive Univ. (RUs)/ Teaching Intensive Universities (TUs)/ and Autonomous Degree Granting Colleges (ACs) Model public universities for holistic and multidisciplinary education , at par with IITs, IIMs, etc., called MERUs (Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities ) will be set up. Graded Autonomy : Academic, Administrative & Financial Single-stream higher education institutions will be phased out over time , and all will move towards becoming multidisciplinary.

20. Key Features/ Reforms in Higher Education The system of ‘ affiliated colleges’ will be gradually phased out in 15 years . On-line Self Disclosure based Transparent System for Approvals in place of ‘Inspections ’. Common Norms for Public and Private HEIs A ‘light but tight’ regulatory framework to ensure integrity, transparency , and resource efficiency of the educational system. Top 100 universities in the world will be facilitated to operate in India. High performing Indian universities will be encouraged to set up campuses in other countries.

21. Key Features/ Reforms in Higher Education Higher education institutions shall move away from high-stakes examinations towards continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE). E stablishment of a National Research Foundation (NRF ) to fund outstanding peer-reviewed research and to actively seed research in universities and colleges. Special Education Zone for Disadvantaged Regions Establishment of National Institute for Pali , Persian and Prakrit languages Integration of Vocational, Teacher and Professional Education

22. Key Features/ Reforms in Higher Education In every education institution, there shall be counseling systems for handling stress and emotional adjustments. National Educational Technology Forum (NETF )/ Online assessment and examinations. NTA to offer Common Entrance Exam for Admission to HEIs. But It will not be mandatory .

23. Key Features/ Reforms in Teacher Education Provision of 4 years Integrated B.Ed. – after 12th class As per the new policy, by 2030, the minimum degree required for  teaching will be a four-year integrated BEd . Course as B.A.B.Ed or B.Sc.B.Ed . For subject teachers, suitable TET or NTA test scores in the corresponding subjects will also be taken into account for recruitment. It will not be mandatory. The Teacher Eligibility Test (TET) will also be changed as per the new school system. Teacher Eligibility Tests (TETs ) will also be extended to cover teachers across all stages. Classroom demo/ interview will become an integral part of teacher’s job.

24. Key Features/ Reforms in Teacher Education A new and comprehensive National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (NCFTE) will be prepared by the National Council of Teacher Education by 2021, in consultation with the NCERT . Teachers’ professional autonomy will be restored. A common guiding set of National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST) will be developed by 2022, by the NCTE. A comprehensive ‘ merit-based structure of tenure promotion, and salary structure’ will be developed. The policy also envisages that teacher education will be gradually moved to multidisciplinary colleges and universities by 2030.

25. Key Features/ Reforms in Teacher Education Two years B.Ed. Course – after Graduation One year B.Ed. Course – after Post Graduation (Presently , no any college of one year course in India)

26. Key Reforms in Technological uses Extensive use of technology in teaching and learning. A national repository of high-quality resources on foundational literacy and numeracy will be made available on the Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing (DIKSHA). The use of technology platforms such as SWAYAM / DIKSHA for online training of teachers will be encouraged, so that standardized training programmes can be administered to large numbers of teachers within a short span of time. Technical and vocational education will become part of the larger vision of holistic education .

27. Integration of Emerging Technology Courses in HE Top emerging Skill development Courses – Artificial Intelligence and machine learning ( Robotics ) IT and digital skills Data Analysis and interpretation Cloud computing Digital marketing Cyber security Software development Business development Internet of Things (IOT) 3D Printing Genetic Engineering

28. Key Reforms in Technological uses A rich variety of educational software will be developed and made available for students and teachers at all levels. The massive open online courses ( MOOCs) Divyang friendly educational software Virtual Labs Artificial Intelligence (AI) - AI chatbot can communicate with students as a teaching assistant. Modern educators are using voice assistants in the offline environments. Alexa (Amazon), Home (Google), Siri (Apple), and Cortana (Microsoft) are few of best assistants . Speech recognition and   machine vision expert systems, Learning, Planning, Problem solving It is pertinent to mention that (AI) is poised to become the next big information revolution.

29. Key Reforms in Technological Area As we know that the New Education Policy allows students to choose coding from class 6th onwards . ID Card of an Academic Bank of Credit (ABC) shall be compulsory from 2023-24 in higher education which would digitally store the academic credits earned. Teaching-learning e-content will continue to be developed by all States in all regional languages and will be uploaded onto the National Teacher’s Portal . Focus on different effective models of blended learning

30. Other Key Areas Focus on Literature & Scientific Vocabulary of Indian Languages NIOS will develop high-quality modules to teach Indian Sign Language (ISL) , and to teach other basic subjects using Indian Sign Language Strengthening National Institutes for promotion of Classical Languages & Literature S etting up of an Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation (IITI ) Promoting Traditional Arts / Lok Vidya Cultural Awareness of our Indian Knowledge Systems Option of choosing Sanskrit  as a language at all levels of  school and higher education.

31. Role of higher Education in development of Society Education enlightens the path of an individual through the walk of life by bridging cultural, social and regional divides and building a peaceful society. As we read a Sloka of Bhagavad-Geeta , ' धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे'  श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता के पहले अध्याय के पहले श्लोक का पहला शब्द है। वैदिक संस्कृति का केंद्र और यज्ञादि धर्ममय कार्य होने से तथा राजा कुरु की तपस्याभूमि होने से इसको धर्मभूमि कुरुक्षेत्र कहा गया है। So, we should fight for the preservation of the Dharma and Values . The Bhagavad-Gita is the eternal message of spiritual wisdom from ancient India. ' Work is worship ' is a message that states that every kind of work we do must be respected and valued. 

32. Role of higher Education in development of Society Higher education plays a vital role in the development of society in many ways, including Social development : Higher education prepares students to be responsible citizens who value a democratic and pluralistic society. It also promotes diversity and exposes students to a wide range of ideas and perspectives. Economic development : Higher education is a key investment in human capital, which is the knowledge, skills, and experience of a country's workforce. Higher education graduates are more likely to be aware of and able to use new technologies, which helps economies keep up with the world.

33. Role of higher Education in development of Society Cultural enrichment : Colleges and universities often serve as cultural centers, promoting diversity and contributing to a more culturally enriched society. Personal development : Higher education can help expand a person's intellectual horizons, wellbeing, and potential for empowerment. Lifelong learning : Higher education prepares students for lifelong learning and certifies them for work and further study. Creating equal opportunities : Higher education opens pathways of opportunity for individuals to reach their full potential.  Innovation and research : Higher education institutions play a central role in the advancement of societies and economies through research and innovation. Emotional development : Developing decision-making skills, self-esteem, empathy, gender identity etc. are the components which heavily influence wellbeing of a person.

34. Role of higher Education in development of Society Modernize the higher education system: The policy aims to modernize the higher education system through multidisciplinary education, institutional autonomy, and the promotion of quality research. Internationalize higher education: The policy aims to internationalize higher education. Integrate technology: The policy aims to integrate technology into higher education. Provide content in Indian languages: The policy aims to provide content in Indian languages.

35. Role of higher Education in development of Society Promote social responsibility: The policy aims to produce citizens who are engaged, productive, and contributing to an equitable and inclusive society. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to improve higher education in India to promote human development and social development. The policy aims to prepare students for meaningful work roles and lives, and to enable economic independence. Provide quality education

36. Role of higher Education in development of Society The NEP 2020 – promotes multidisciplinary education, which allows students to study multiple areas of interest. promotes research through the establishment of the National Research Foundation. emphasizes the importance of continuous professional development for teachers. promotes the integration of technology into the education system.

37. Role of higher Education in development of Society Budget 2024-25 focuses on employment, skilling, MSME's and middle class. 9 priorities for generating ample opportunities for all. Productivity and resilience in Agriculture Employment & Skilling Inclusive Human Resource Development and Social Justice Manufacturing & Services Urban Development Energy Security Infrastructure Innovation, Research & Development and Next Generation Reforms

38. Role of higher Education in development of Society The NEP 2020 is expected to have a positive impact on the education system and make India a global hub of skilled manpower. Education can work towards world peace, human development, scientific knowledge, entrepreneurship and economic growth. Education is about teaching and nurturing young minds; it is responsible for the development of human civilization. Education and societal change are reciprocal. Education nurtures knowledge, skill sets, values, morals and principles in a child, which shapes their social wellbeing. Conversely, a change in social structure brings changes in the structure, content and technique of delivering education.

39. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 Investing in training programs for teachers Developing high-quality educational resources Translating existing materials into regional languages Emphasizing communication skills in both English and the chosen regional language Access and equity : There is a lack of access to higher education for the economically disadvantaged. Quality education :  There are challenges in providing quality education in rural and remote areas. Lack of road map :  There is no uniform comprehensive road map and implementation strategy for NEP.

40. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 The National Education Policy 2020 faces many challenges in its implementation, including – Insufficient recruitment of faculty in the Colleges and universities Due to Shortage of teachers at higher level (around 40%), It’s a very challenging task to implement NEP provisions. According to a report of Sept. 2024, there is no principal (70%) in 444 government colleges out of 631 in Rajasthan. Inadequate infrastructure Lack of funds/ resources Gender discrimination Resistance to change in the system

41. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 More expensive education - Due to financial autonomy, higher education will become costlier. Lack of multidisciplinary knowledge Lack of Consensus between center and states Existence of two year B.Ed. & D.El.Ed . Course To make the students digital smart by opting for the courses available on MOOCs and SWAYAM Second Highest Tax on education in India (18%) (While Tax free education is in England)

42. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 To achieve 50% GER in Higher education including vocational education by 2035 (27.3% in 2021 & 28.4% in 2024) while world GER in HE average is 40%). Rigid separation between streams Low standard of undergraduate education with no standing in the international arena Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) has not yet been established in India Lack of co-ordination in the higher education system Absence of focus on building life skills and vocational training To strengthen the industry-institute interaction

43. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 Academic & Research Development Establishment of Multidisciplinary Education & Research universities (MERUs) in private sector is an industry of making money (most of them). Providing education is second option for them. 1.5 lacs Ph.D. degree awarded in 2022 (mostly doubtful) To enhance the quality of academic and sponsored research is very difficult without sufficient budget. Lack of monitoring and evaluation :  There is a lack of a clear mechanism to assess the policy's progress.

44. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 India contributes to the global workforce is only marginal (shortage of skilled workers). According to the 2020 Human Development Report (HDR),  21.2%  of India's labor force is skilled. Other countries, such as UK (68%), Germany (75%), the USA (52%), Japan (80%), and South Korea (96%). A study conducted by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) has revealed a significant gap between the demand and supply of skilled workers in India. The demand for skilled workers is 10.3 crore , while the current supply stands at just 7.4 crore .

45. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 The government has been working to improve skilling and employment opportunities, including:  Launching the Skill India Digital platform to help with skilling, education, employment & entrepreneurship.  Announcing a new scheme in the Union Budget 2024-25 to skill 20 lakh youth and upgrade 1,000 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs). In 2024, the percentage of employable students in India is estimated to be 51.3%, up from 33.9% in 2014. It means speed is not mark able.

46. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 The estimated budget for education is Rs 1,25,638 crore for 2024-25.  Reduced funding for higher education The budget allocated Rs 47,620 crore for the Department of Higher Education, which is a 17% decrease from the previous year. Investment 6% of GDP (currently 2.5 % in 2024-25). While Global average is 4.9%. The 2024-25 budget for education in India is a 7% decrease from the previous year (2.9%) .

47. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 Research and development (R&D) is the most important department of an organisation . Establishment of National Research Foundation (NRF) Budget 2024-25 of research and development (R&D) is among lowest in the world (0.64%). While China (2.4%), Germany (3.1%), USA (3.5%), South Korea (4.8%) etc. The UGC's budget was reduced almost 61%  in the 2024-25 Union Budget, dropping from Rs 6,409 crore to Rs 2,500 crore , which is expected to impact projects and initiatives related to higher education, such as scholarships, research, and infrastructure.

48. Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020 Teaching in the mother tongue : India has 22 official languages and many dialects, so adapting curriculum materials to be taught in the mother tongue can be difficult. Digital divide :  The NEP emphasizes digitization, but only about 30% of India's population can afford a smartphone , and even fewer have access to computers. India Skills Report 2024 edition highlights the theme of “Impact of AI on the Future of Work, Skilling, and Mobility” within the context of digital disruption in education, industry and skilling.

49. Future Possibilities The NEP 2020 is expected to have a positive impact on India's education system and society in several ways, including: Holistic Development : Achieving global well-being requires a holistic approach that prioritizes both human rights and sustainable development. Inclusive and equitable education Quality education : It aims to create a life-changing experience that builds character and Global citizenship . Skilled manpower : NEP 2020 is expected to make India a global hub of skilled manpower. It acknowledges that higher education goes beyond academics and aims to nurture well-rounded personality .

50. Concluding remarks So, Higher education plays a crucial role in society by contributing to economic growth, social progress, and overall quality of life. A good education system can mould society in a better way. It is a powerful instrument to bring about social revolution. It leads to the holistic development of an individual. It can identify problems and their solutions for the betterment of human beings. It provides individuals with the skills and qualifications that are valued by employers and society, allowing them to secure employment and higher earnings. 

51. Concluding remarks The recent NEP 2020 seeks equity and inclusion through education. Education produces social justice in the future as well as being a benefit to young people in the present. New National Education Policy, 2020 certainly lays down the path of scientific temper and critical thinking in the students for making independent India in the 21 st century. Its success, however, lies in its effective implementation. In conclusion, the NEP 2020 appears to be truly visionary and comprehensive. Now we have to discuss these challenging issues at this platform of intellectuals to implement the new National education policy 2020 and I hope this deliberation will fruitful & successful.

52. Thank you !