História Eclesiástica - Eusébio de Cesaréia.pdf

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YLGDDVLQM~ULDVRVWUDEDOKRVHRVYDULDGRVJrQHURVGHPRUWHLQYHQWDGRVFRQWUDHOHVSRUFDXVDGH
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TXHSRUHOHFRQFOXDPRTXHVXFHGHXDRVRXWURV
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0DVFRPRHOHVHPDQWLQKDLQIOH[tYHOPHVPRGHSRLVGHSDGHFHUHVWHVWRUPHQWRVHVHXVRVVRV
MiDSDUHFLDPjYLVWDPLVWXUDUDPYLQDJUHFRPVDOHRGHUUDPDUDPQDVSDUWHVPDLVODFHUDGDVGH
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HVSDGDHRXWURVDFDEDUDPSHORIRJR8PDWUDGLomRGL]TXHHQWmRKRPHQVHPXOKHUHVVDOWDYDP
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FRPDRSLQLmRGHTXHHVWHVWDPEpPGHYHULDPVHUODQoDGRVDRPDUSDUDTXHQmRDFRQWHFHVVH
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FRPRGHXVHV7DLVIRUDPRVDFRQWHFLPHQWRVGRFRPHoRGDSHUVHJXLomRHP1LFRPHGLD
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QD6tULDDWDFDURLPSpULRVDLXXPDRUGHPLPSHULDOGHTXHHPWRGDVDVSDUWHVVHHQFDUFHUDVVHH
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DWUHYHUVHDWRFDUHDWpDDSUR[LPDUVHGRVFRUSRVGRVDPLJRVGH'HXVHQTXDQWRVHODQoDYDP
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HQVLQDPHQWR GH QRVVR 6DOYDGRU GLIHUHQWHV JrQHURV GH PRUWHV XQV GHSRLV GRV JDUIRV GRV
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Vy GH RXYLORV IRUDP ODQoDGRV DR IRJR RXWURV IRUDP WUDJDGRV SHOR PDU RXWURV HVWHQGLDP
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WRUWXUDV D RXWURV FRQVXPLX D IRPH H RXWURV SRU VXD YH] IRUDP FUXFLILFDGRV XQV FRPR p
FRVWXPHID]HUDRVPDOIHLWRUHVHDRXWURVDLQGDSLRUSUHJDGRVDRFRQWUiULRDFDEHoDSDUDEDL[R
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YLGDDWDYDPDVPXOKHUHVSRUXPSpHDVVXVSHQGLDPQRDUFRPXPDVPiTXLQDVFRPDFDEHoD
SDUDEDL[RHRFRUSRLQWHLUDPHQWHGHVQXGRHDGHVFREHUWRRIHUHFHQGRDWRGRVRVREVHUYDGRUHVR
HVSHWiFXORPDLVYHUJRQKRVRRPDLVFUXHOHPDLVGHVXPDQRGHWRGRV
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MXQWDYDP RV UDPRV PDLV UREXVWRV H HVWHQGLDP DWp FDGD XP GHOHV DV SHUQDV GRV PiUWLUHV
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PXOKHUHVFRQGHQDGRVDYiULRVHVXFHVVLYRVFDVWLJRV
(QyVPHVPRVDFKDQGRQRVQROXJDUGRVIDWRVYLPRVPXLWRVVRIUHUHPHPPDVVDHQXPVyGLD
XQVDGHFDSLWDomRHRXWURVRVXSOtFLRGRIRJRDWpRIHUURSHUGHURILRGHWDQWRPDWDUHSDUWLU
VHHPSHGDoRVSRUSXURGHVJDVWHHQTXDQWRRVSUySULRVDVVDVVLQRVVHUHYH]DYDPHQWUHVLSHOR
FDQVDoR
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WRUWXUDPDVVLPSURFODPDQGRLPSDVVtYHLVFRPWRGDOLEHUGDGHDUHOLJLmRGR'HXVGRXQLYHUVRH
UHFHEHQGRDVXSUHPDVHQWHQoDGHPRUWHFRPDOHJULDUHJR]LMRHERPKXPRUDRSRQWRGHFDQWDU
VDOPRVKLQRVHDo}HVGHJUDoDVDR'HXVGRXQLYHUVRDWpH[DODUR~OWLPRDOHQWR
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HVFROWDGHVROGDGRV(DVVLPHUD)LOHDVELVSRGDLJUHMDGH7PXLVYDUmRLOXVWUHSRUVHXVFDUJRV
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DFRQILVVmRHDQHJDomRGHQRVVR6DOYDGRUPDVUHVLVWLQGRDWRGDVDVDPHDoDVHLQVROrQFLDVGR
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GHFODUHTXHPHUDHQRVFRQWHFRPPDLRUH[DWLGmRGRTXHQyVIDUtDPRVRVPDUWtULRVRFRUULGRV
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LQGLFDGRUHVRVEHPDYHQWXUDGRVPiUWLUHVTXHHVWDYDPFRQRVFRVHPYDFLODURPtQLPRIL[DQGR
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6HQKRU-HVXV&ULVWRVHIH]KRPHPSRUQRVVDFDXVDSDUDGHVWUXLUSHODUDL]WRGRSHFDGRHSURYHU
QRVGHYLiWLFRGHHQWUDGDQDYLGDHWHUQDSRLVQmRWHYHFRPRXVXUSDomRRVHULJXDOD'HXVPDV
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GLVWHQGLDPOKHVWRGRVRVPHPEURVHHVWDQGRDVVLPRVYHUGXJRVDXPDRUGHPVHHQIXUHFLDP
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LQFOXVLYHQRYHQWUHQDVSHUQDVH
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H GRV PHPEURV HUD PDLV WHUUtYHO TXH TXDOTXHU GRU 2XWURV SRU ILP HUDP DWDGRV jV FROXQDV
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PDVTXDVHGXUDQWHRGLDLQWHLURSRLVHQTXDQWRSDVVDYDDRVRXWURVGHL[DYDTXHVHXVPLQLVWURV
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RTXDUWRIXURGHIRUPDTXHDWpSRUIRUoDWLQKDPTXHILFDUGHERFDSDUDFLPDVREUHRFHSR
LPSRWHQWHVSRUWHUHPUHFHQWHVDVIHULGDVGRVJROSHVSRUWRGRRFRUSR2XWURVMD]LDPHVWLUDGRV
QRVRORSRUHIHLWRGRVWRUPHQWRVDSOLFDGRVGHXPDYH]HRIHUHFLDPDRVFXULRVRVXPHVSHWiFXOR
PDLVFUXHOGRTXHDRVHUHPDWRUPHQWDGRVSRLVOHYDYDPHPVHXVFRUSRVDVPDUFDVGDVP~OWLSODV
HGLYHUVDVWRUWXUDVLQYHQWDGDV
$VVLP DV FRLVDV XQV PRUULDP HP PHLR DRV WRUPHQWRV HQYHUJRQKDQGR FRP VXD FRQVWkQFLD
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RSULPLGRV SHODV GRUHV H RV GHPDLV FRQ VHJXLGD D UHFXSHUDomR GH VXDV IRUoDV D EDVH GH
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GHVHUGDGRGRFXOWRGHVHXVSUySULRVGHXVHVLPRUWDLVIRVVHPQRYDPHQWHFKDPDGRVDRFXOWRGRV
GHXVHVPHGLDQWHFRUUHomRHFDVWLJRH[HPSODU
0DVTXDQGRHXFKHJXHLSHODSULPHLUDYH]DR2ULHQWHVREERQVDXVStFLRVHPHLQWHLUHLGHTXHHP
DOJXQVOXJDUHVRVMXt]HVKDYLDPGHVWHUUDGRSHODFDXVDDFLPDDVVLQDODGDQXPHURVtVVLPDVSHVVRDV
TXHSRGLDPVHU~WHLVDR(VWDGRGHLRUGHQVDFDGDXPGRVMXt]HVSDUDTXHGDtHPGLDQWHQHQKXP
GHOHV VH FRPSRUWDVVH GXUDPHQWH FRP RV KDELWDQWHV GDV SURYtQFLDV PDV TXH FRP FDULQKR H
H[RUWDo}HVWHQWDVVHPFKDPiORVQRYDPHQWHDRFXOWRGRVGHXVHV
(PFRQVHT?rQFLDSRUHQWmRHQTXDQWRRVMXt]HVFRQIRUPHPLQKDVRUGHQVJXDUGDYDPRTXH
HVWDYDRUGHQDGRQDVSDUWHVGR2ULHQWHQLQJXpPHUDGHVWHUUDGRQHPXOWUDMDGRDRFRQWUiULR
RFRUULDPDLVTXHSRUQDGDGHJUDYHVHID]HUFRQWUDHOHVUHWRUQDYDPDRFXOWRGRVGHXVHV

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204. (ORJRTXDQGRQRDQRSDVVDGRHQWUHLIHOL]PHQWHHP1LFRPHGLDHOiUHVLGLDSUHVHQWDUDPVHD
PLPFLGDGmRVGDPHVPDFLGDGHFRPDVHVWiWXDVGHVHXVGHXVHVSHGLQGRPHHQFDUHFLGDPHQWH
TXHGHQHQKXPDPDQHLUDSHUPLWLVVHTXHVHPHOKDQWHUDoDKDELWDVVHHPVXDSiWULD
0HVPR DVVLP TXDQGR IXL LQIRUPDGR GH TXH QXPHURVtVVLPRV KRPHQV GD PHVPD UHOLJLmR
KDELWDYDP DTXHODV UHJL}HV GHLOKHV FRPR UHVSRVWD TXH OKHV DJUDGHFLD SUD]HURVDPHQWH VXD
SHWLomR PDV TXH DGYHUWLD TXH HVWH SHGLGR QmR SURYLQKD GH WRGRV 3RU FRQVHJXLQWH VH KDYLD
DOJXQVTXHSHUVHYHUDYDPQDPHVPDVXSHUVWLomRTXHFDGDXPGHFLGLVVHVHJXQGRVXDSUHIHUrQFLD
SHVVRDOHVHTXLVHVVHPTXHUHFRQKHFHVVHPRFXOWRGRVGHXVHV
0DVDRVKDELWDQWHVGDSUySULD1LFRPHGLDHjVGHPDLVFLGDGHVTXHWmRVROLFLWDPHQWHPHWLQKDP
IHLWRWDPEpPLGrQWLFDSHWLomRRXVHMDTXHQHQKXPFULVWmRKDELWDVVHHPVXDVFLGDGHVWLYHTXH
UHVSRQGHUOKHV IRUoRVDPHQWH HP WHUPRV DPLVWRVRV Mi TXH DVVLP IL]HUDP PHVPR RV DQWLJRV
LPSHUDGRUHVHGHYLGRDRVSUySULRVGHXVHVSHORVTXDLVVHPDQWpPWRGRVRVKRPHQVHDSUySULD
DGPLQLVWUDomR GR (VWDGR TXH HX FRQILUPDYD HVVD LPSRUWDQWH SHWLomR TXH DSUHVHQWDYDP HP
IDYRUGRFXOWRGHVXDGLYLQGDGH
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LJXDOPHQWHRUGHQDGRHPLQVWUXo}HVQmRFRPSRUWDUWHGXUDPHQWHFRPRVSURYLQFLDQRVTXHVH
HPSHQKDYDPHPJXDUGDUVHPHOKDQWHFRVWXPHPDVWUDWiORVFRPSDFLrQFLDHPRGHUDomRPDV
SDUDTXHQmRWHQKDPTXHDJ?HQWDULQVXOWRVQHPYLROrQFLDVSHODVPmRVGRVEHQHILFLiULRV
RX
GHTXDLVTXHURXWURVMXOJXHLRSRUWXQRVXJHULUDWXDJUDYLGDGHFRPHVWDFDUWDTXHYDOHQGRWHGH
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GHXVHV FRP H[RUWDo}HV H DJUDGRV ( SDUD TXH HVWH QRVVR PDQGDWR FKHJXH DR FRQKHFLPHQWR
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SURSRUiV
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PHQWLURVRMiDQWHULRUPHQWHPDQLIHVWDGRQXPDFRQFHVVmRVHPHOKDQWH
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GRVFRVWXPHLURVHQWUHQyV
(PHVPRDVVLPRVGHIHQVRUHVGDSD]HGDSLHGDGHOKHKDYLDPHVFULWRTXHRSHUPLWLVVHHHOHVR
KDYLDPFRQFHGLGRSRUPHLRGHHGLWRVHOHLVDWRGRVVHXVV~GLWRV1DYHUGDGHDTXHOHPRQVWURGH
LPSLHGDGHSUHIHULDQmRFHGHUQHVWHWHUUHQRDWpTXHSRUILPDFRVVDGRSHODMXVWLoDGLYLQDPXLWR
DFRQWUDJRVWRYLXVHIRUoDGRDID]rOR

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(VWDIRLDFDXVDTXHRREULJRX0D[LPLQRHUDLQFDSD]GHOHYDURSHVRGRJRYHUQRVXSUHPR
TXHOKHKDYLDPFRQILDGRVHPPHUHFrORGHYLGRDVXDIDOWDGHUHIOH[mRVHQVDWDHSUySULDGH
XP LPSHUDGRU PDQHMDYD RV DVVXQWRV S~EOLFRV FRP WRWDO LPSHUtFLD H VREUHWXGR HUJXLDVH
LUUHIOHWLGDPHQWHHPVXDDOPDFRPRUJXOKRVDMDFWkQFLDLQFOXVLYHFRQWUDVHXVSUySULRVFROHJDV
LPSHULDLV TXH HP WXGR R VXSHUDYDP WDQWR HP OLQKDJHP TXDQWR HP HGXFDomR LQVWUXomR
GLJQLGDGHLQWHOLJrQFLDHRTXHpPDLVLPSRUWDQWHHPViELDSUXGrQFLDHHPSLHGDGHSDUD
FRPRYHUGDGHLUR'HXV&RPHoRXFRPDRXVDGLDGHDWUHYHUVHHGHSURFODPDUVHDVLPHVPR

6ROGDGRVOLEHUDGRVGHIXQo}HVPDLVSHVDGDVTXHH[HUFLDPRSROLFLDPHQWRHRDFRPSDQKDPHQWRGHRILFLDLV
VXSHULRUHV

205. SXEOLFDPHQWHRSULPHLURQDVKRQUDV

/HYDQGRjORXFXUDVHXLQVDQRRUJXOKRTXHEURXWRGRVRVSDFWRVTXHKDYLDIHLWRFRP/LFtQLRH
HPSUHHQGHXXPDJXHUUDVHPTXDUWHO/RJRHPSRXFRWHPSRDOYRURoDQGRWXGRHSHUWXUEDQGR
SURIXQGDPHQWHFDGDFLGDGHUHXQLXWRGDDIRUoDDUPDGDXPDPXOWLGmRGHLQFRQWiYHLVPLUtDGHV
HSDUWLXSDUDDOXWDHPRUGHPGHEDWDOKDFRQWUDHOHHFRPDDOPDH[DOWDGDSHODVHVSHUDQoDV
SRVWDVQRVGHP{QLRVTXHHOHDFUHGLWDYDVHUHPGHXVHVHQDVPLUtDGHVGHVROGDGRVDUPDGRV
0DVDRFKHJDUjVPmRVHQFRQWURXVHGHVSURYLGRGDSURWHomRGH'HXVSRURXWRUJDUVHDRTXH
HQWmRPDQGDYD
DYLWyULDTXHSURFHGHGRPHVPRH~QLFR'HXVGHWRGDVDVFRLVDV
(PSULPHLUROXJDUSHUGHRFRUSRGHKRSOLWDVHPTXHGHSRVLWDYDVXDFRQILDQoDHQTXDQWRRV
ODQFHLURV GH VXD HVFROWD SHVVRDO R DEDQGRQDP LQGHIHVR H SULYDGR GH WXGR H SDVVDP SDUD R
YHQFHGRU2GHVJUDoDGRGHVSLQGRVHDWRGDSUHVVDGRRUQDWRLPSHULDOTXHGHPRGRDOJXPOKH
FDELD GHVOL]D HQWUH D PXOWLGmR FRYDUGHPHQWH FRPR XP FDQDOKD H VHP kQLPR YLULO 'HSRLV
IRJHHHVFRQGHQGRVHFRPGLILFXOGDGHGDVPmRVGHVHXVLQLPLJRVSHORVFDPSRVHDOGHLDVYDL
YDJDQGR GH XPD SDUWH D RXWUD EXVFDQGR VXD VDOYDomR H PRV WUDQGR EHP jV FODUDV FRP RV
SUySULRVIDWRVDILGHOLGDGHHYHUGDGHGRVGLYLQRVRUiFXORVRQGHVHGL]
1mRVHVDOYDRUHLSRUVHXQXPHURVRH[pUFLWRQHPRJLJDQWHVHUiVDOYRSHODDEXQGkQFLDGHVXD
IRUoD,Q~WLOpRFDYDORSDUDVDOYDUVHHQLQJXpPVHVDOYDUiSRUVXDJUDQGHSRWrQFLD9HGH
RVROKRVGR6HQKRUSRVWRVVREUHRVTXHRWHPHPRVTXHHVSHUDPHPVXDPLVHULFyUGLDSDUD
DUUDQFDUVXDVDOPDVGDPRUWH

)RLDVVLPTXHRWLUDQRFKHJRXFREHUWRGHYHUJRQKDDVHXSUySULRWHUULWyULRHDOLHQIXUHFLGR
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H FXMRV RUiFXORV R KDYLDP LQFLWDGR D HPSUHHQGHU D JXHUUD DFXVDQGRRV GH LPSRVWRUHV GH
FKDUODWmHV H VREUHWXGR GH KDYHUHPVH FRQYHUWLGR HP WUDLGRUHV GH VXD VDOYDomR /RJR
GHX
JOyULDDR'HXVGRVFULVWmRVHGHSRLVGHKDYHUGLVSRVWRXPDOHLSHUIHLWtVVLPDHFRPSOHWtVVLPDHP
IDYRUGDOLEHUGDGHGRVPHVPRVDFDERXLPHGLDWDPHQWHVXDYLGDFRPXPDPRUWHSHQRVDHVHP
TXHOKHIRVVHGDGRXPSUD]RGHWHPSR$OHLTXHHOHKDYLDHQYLDGRHUDGRVHJXLQWHWHRU

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2LPSHUDGRU&pVDU&DLR9DOpULR0D[LPLQR*HUPkQLFR6DUPiWLFR$XJXVWR3LR)pOL[,QYLFWR
4XHQyVYHODPRVFRQWLQXDPHQWHHGHWRGDVDVPDQHLUDVSHORSURYHLWRGHQRVVRVSURYLQFLDQRVH
TXHQRVVDYRQWDGHpSURSRUFLRQDUOKHVRTXHPDLVIDoDSURVSHUDUDVYDQWDJHQVGHWRGRVHRTXH
VHMDGHSURYHLWRHXWLOLGDGHFRPXQVDVVLPFRPRRTXHVHSUHVWDjXWLOLGDGHS~EOLFDHUHVXOWD
DJUDGiYHODRSDUHFHUGHFDGDXPFUHPRVTXHQLQJXpPRLJQRUDDQWHVFUHPRVTXHFDGDXPVH
DWpPDRVSUySULRVIDWRVHpFRQVFLHQWHGHVXDHYLGrQFLD
$VVLPSRLVTXDQGRDQWHVILFRXSDWHQWHDQRVVRFRQKHFLPHQWRTXHVRERSUHWH[WRGHTXHRV
GLYLQRV 'LRFOHFLDQR H 0D[LPLDQR QRVVRV SDLV WLQKDP PDQGDGR DEROLU DV DVVHPEOpLDV GRV
FULVWmRVRVRIILFLDOHV
KDYLDPFDXVDGRPXLWRVSUHMXt]RVHHVSROLDo}HVHTXHHPVHJXLGDLVWR
KDYLDVHHVWHQGLGRFRPRGDQRDQRVVRVSURYLQFLDQRVSRUFXMRFXLGDGRQRVHVWDPRVGHEDWHQGR
ILFDQGR GHVWUXtGDV DV SURSULHGDGHV GH SDUWLFXODUHV QR DQR SDVVDGR GLULJLPRV FDUWDV DRV
JRYHUQDGRUHV GH FDGD SURYtQFLD H OHJLVODPRV R VHJXLQWH TXH VH DOJXpP TXLVHU VHJXLU
VHPHOKDQWHFRVWXPHRXDSUySULDREVHUYkQFLDGDUHOLJLmRTXHQmRWLYHVVHLPSHGLPHQWRDVHX
SURSyVLWRHTXHQLQJXpPOKHSXVHVVHHVWRUYRVQHPRSURLELVVHHTXHWRGRVWLYHVVHPIDFLOLGDGH
SDUDID]HUVHPWHPRUQHPVXVSHLWDRTXHDFDGDXPDJUDGDVVH
6RPHQWH TXH DJRUD QmR VH S{GH PDLV RFXOWDUQRV TXH DOJXQV MXt]HV YLQKDP GHVFXLGDQGR GH
QRVVRV FRPDQGRV H[SXQKDP QRVVRV KRPHQV j G~YLGD VREUH DV RUGHQV H ID]LDP FRP TXH VH
DSUR[LPDVVHPFRPPDLRUYDFLODomRjVSUySULDVSUiWLFDVUHOLJLRVDVTXHHUDPGHVHXDJUDGR

3RUGLUHLWRGHDQWLJ?LGDGHDLQGDTXHDSHQDVFRPRFpVDUFRUUHVSRQGLDOKHDGLJQLGDGHGHSULPHLURDXJXVWR

/LFtQLR

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0D[LPLQRSXEOLFRXHVWHHGLWRDQWHVGHYHUVHWRWDOPHQWHSHUGLGRHP7DUVRSURYDYHOPHQWHFRPDLQWHQomRGH
JDQKDURDSRLRGRVFULVWmRVFRQWUD/LFtQLR

0D[LPLQRWUDWDGHODQoDUDFXOSDVREUHRVRILFLDLVRXIXQFLRQiULRVVXSHULRUHV

206. 3RU FRQVHJXLQWH SDUD HOLPLQDU ORJR WRGD VXVSHLWD H DPELJ?LGDGH FDXVDGRUDV GH WHPRU
GHWHUPLQDPRVTXHVHSURPXOJXHHVWDRUGHPFRPRILPGHTXHDWRGRVVHMDPDQLIHVWRTXHSRU
HVWHQRVVRSUHVHQWHjTXHOHVTXHTXLVHUHPWRPDUSDUWHHPVHPHOKDQWHVHLWDRXUHOLJLmRpOtFLWR
DSUR[LPDUVHGDPDQHLUDTXHFDGDXPTXHLUDRXFRPRPDLVJRVWHDDTXHODUHOLJLmRTXHWHQKD
HVFROKLGRSUDWLFDUKDELWXDOPHQWH(WDPEpPILFDOKHVSHUPLWLGRFRQVWUXLUVXDVSUySULDVLJUHMDV
0DV SDUD TXH VHMD PDLRU R QRVVR SUHVHQWH MXOJDPRV GLJQR OHJLVODU WDPEpP R VHJXLQWH
TXH VH DOJXPDV FDVDV H FDPSRV DQWHULRUPHQWH SURSULHGDGH SRU GLUHLWR GRV FULVWmRV WLYHUHP
YLQGRDFDLUHPSRVVHOHJDOGRILVFRSRURUGHPGRVQRVVRVRXVHDOJXPDFLGDGHGHOHVWLYHUVH
DSURSULDGRVHMDSRUOHLOmRRXSRUTXHIRLREVHTXLDGRDDOJXpPWXGRLVWRRUGHQDPRVTXHVHMD
UHVWLWXtGRDRDQWLJRGLUHLWRGHSURSULHGDGHGRVFULVWmRVFRPRILPGHTXHLQFOXVLYHQLVWRWRGRV
SHUFHEDPQRVVDSLHGDGHHQRVVDSURYLGrQFLD
(VWDVVmRDVSDODYUDVGRWLUDQRTXHFKHJDUDPFRPTXDVHXPDQRGHDWUDVRVREUHRVHGLWRVTXH
HOHPHVPRKDYLDIHLWRDIL[DUHPHVWHLDVFRQWUDRVFULVWmRV(DRVTXHDWpSRXFRDQWHVVXFXPELDP
DQWHVHXVSUySULRVROKRVDIHUURHIRJRHFRPRSDVWRGDVIHUDVHDYHVGHUDSLQDHVRIULDPWRGR
WLSRGHFDVWLJRGHVXSOtFLRHGHPRUWHGRPRGRPDLVPLVHUiYHOFRPRVHVHWUDWDVVHGHDWHXV
H tPSLRV D HVWHV R PHVPR GHFODUDYD DJRUD REVHUYDQWHV GD UHOLJLmR H OKHV SHUPLWLD FRQVWUXLU
LJUHMDV(DWpRWLUDQRHPSHVVRDFRQIHVVDTXHWrPSDUWHHPFHUWRVGLUHLWRV
( TXDQGR KDYLD UHDOL]DGR WDLV FRQILVV}HV SDGHFHQGR VHP G~YLGD PHQRV GR TXH PHUHFLD
SDGHFHU FRPR VH SRU FDXVD GHODV WLYHVVH DOFDQoDGR FHUWR IDYRU IHULGR UHSHQWLQDPHQWH SHOR
IODJHORGH'HXV
VXFXPEHQDVHJXQGDUHIUHJDGDJXHUUD
0DV QmR WHYH D PRUWH TXH DFRQWHFH DRV JHQHUDLV VXSUHPRV GD JXHUUD TXH EDWHQGRVH
YDURQLOPHQWHUHSHWLGDVYH]HVSHODYLUWXGHHSRUVHXVDPLJRVVRIUHUDPFRPYDOHQWLDXPILP
JORULRVR QD EDWDOKD HVWH EHP DR FRQWUiULR FRPR tPSLR H KRVWLO D 'HXV UHFHEHX R FDVWLJR
PHUHFLGRTXDQGRVHDFKDYDHPFDVDHDQGDYDVHRFXOWDQGRHQTXDQWRVHXH[pUFLWRVHJXLDDLQGD
QD SODQtFLH FRPEDWHQGR SRU HOH )HULGR UHSHQWLQDPHQWH HP WRGR VHX FRUSR SHOR IODJHOR GH
'HXVFDLXGHEUXoRVFRPRHPSXUUDGRSRUDWUR]HVVRIULPHQWRVHYLYtVVLPDVGRUHV'HYRUDGR
SHOD IRPH H FRP VXDV FDUQHV FRQVXPLGDV SRU XP IRJR LQYLVtYHO H GH RULJHP GLYLQD WRGD D
DSDUrQFLDGHVXDDQWLJDIRUPDGHVDSDUHFHXFRPRTXHDQLTXLODGDHILFRXXQLFDPHQWHQRVSXURV
RVVRVFRPRXPHVSHFWURKiPXLWRWHPSRUHGX]LGRDHVTXHOHWRDVVLPTXHRVTXHRURGHDYDP
QmRSRGLDPVHQmRSHQVDUTXHRFRUSRVHOKHKDYLDFRQYHUWLGRHPVHSXOFURGDDOPDHQWHUUDGD
MiQXPFDGiYHUHPFRPSOHWDGHFRPSRVLomR0DVDRDEUDVDUOKHPXLWRPDLVWHUULYHOPHQWH
RIRJRGHVGHRIXQGRGDPHGXODRVROKRVOKHVDOWDUDPHFDLQGRGHVXDVyUELWDVGHL[DUDPQR
FHJR(OHDLQGDUHVSLUDQGRDSHVDUGLVWRFRQIHVVDYDR6HQKRUHFKDPDYDDPRUWH(GHSRLVGH
FRQIHVVDUTXHSDGHFLDLVWRFRPWRGDMXVWLoDSRUFDXVDGHVHXH[FHVVRGHPHQFLDOFRQWUD&ULVWR
HQWUHJRXVXDDOPD

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0RUWRGHVWDPDQHLUD0D[LPLQR~QLFRVREUHYLYHQWHGRVLQLPLJRVGDUHOLJLmRHTXHPDQLIHVWRX
VHURSLRUGHWRGRVDVLJUHMDVVXUJLDPSHODJUDoDGH'HXV7RGRSRGHURVRUHFRQVWUXtGDVGHVGH
RVIXQGDPHQWRVHDGRXWULQDGH&ULVWRUXWLODQWHSDUDDJOyULDGR'HXVGRXQLYHUVRDOFDQoDYD
XPDOLEHUGDGHFRQILDQWHPDLRUGRTXHDGHDQWHVHQTXDQWRRVtPSLRVLQLPLJRVGDUHOLJLmRVH
FXPXODYDPGHYHUJRQKDHGHVRQUDH[WUHPDV
(IHWLYDPHQWHRSUySULR0D[LPLQRIRLRSULPHLURDTXHPRVLPSHUDGRUHVSURFODPDUDPLQLPLJR
FRPXPGHWRGRVHSRUPHLRGHHGLWRVS~EOLFRVSDUDFRQKHFLPHQWRJHUDOIRLGHQXQFLDGRFRPR
WLUDQRtPSLRDERPLQiYHOHLQLPLJRGH'HXV'DVSLQWXUDVTXHHPFDGDFLGDGHIRUDPGHGLFDGDV
DVXDKRQUDHGHVHXVILOKRVXPDVIRUDPODQoDGDVGRDOWRFRQWUDRVRORHGHVIL]HUDPVHHP
SHGDoRV RXWUDV WLYHUDP VHXV URVWRV HQHJUHFLGRV FRP FRUHV VRPEULDV H ILFDUDP LQVHUYtYHLV
$VVLPWDPEpPDVHVWiWXDVWRGDVDVTXHIRUDPHULJLGDVHPVXDKRQUDWDPEpPIRUDPGHUUXEDGDV
HIHLWDVHPSHGDoRVILFDQGRH[SRVWDVDRVULVRHjEXUODGRVTXHTXHULDPLQVXOWiODVHHQIXUHFHU

(VWDH[SUHVVmRTXHMiHQFRQWUDPRVDSOLFDGDD+HURGHVYLGH,LQGLFDDOJXPDHQIHUPLGDGHJUDYHHPHVPR
PRUWDO

207. VHFRPHODV
(ORJRWDPEpPRVUHVWDQWHVLQLPLJRVGDUHOLJLmRIRUDPVHQGRGHVSRMDGRVGHWRGDVDVKRQUDV
H LQFOXVLYH PDWDYDPVH WRGRV RV SDUWLGiULRV GH 0D[LPLQR HVSHFLDOPHQWH RV TXH WHQGR VLGR
KRQUDGRV SRU HOH FRP DV KRQUDV GR JRYHUQR SDUD DGXOiOR KDYLDPVH DWLUDGR FRP YLROrQFLD
FRQWUDQRVVDGRXWULQD
$VVLPHUD3HXFHWLRSDUDWRGRVRPDLVKRQUDGRSRUHOHRPDLVUHVSHLWDGRHGHPDLRUFRQILDQoD
HQWUHVHXVFRPSDQKHLURVDTXHPHOHKDYLDQRPHDGRF{QVXOGXDVHWUrVYH]HVHSUHIHLWRGHWRGDV
DVFRQWDV$VVLPWDPEpP&XOFLDQRTXHKDYLDDVFHQGLGRSRUWRGRVRVJUDXVGRJRYHUQRHTXH
WDPEpPVHJORULDYDGHLQ~PHUDVPDWDQoDVGHFULVWmRVQR(JLWR
(DOpPGHVWHVKDYLDPXLWRV
RXWURVSRUPHLRGRVTXDLVVHKDYLDILUPDGRHDXPHQWDGRDWLUDQLDGH0D[LPLQR
'HYHVH VDEHU TXH WDPEpP 7HRWHFQR HUD SURFXUDGR SHOD MXVWLoD TXH QmR HVTXHFLD R TXH
HOHKDYLDOHYDGRDFDERFRQWUDRVFULVWmRV(IHWLYDPHQWHSRUTXHKDYLDHULJLGRXPtGRORHP
$QWLRTXLDSHQVDYDTXHVHXVGLDVVHULDPIHOL]HVHUHDOPHQWHDWp0D[LPLQRRKDYLDFRQVLGHUDGR
GLJQRGHXPFDUJRGHJRYHUQR
0DV TXDQGR /LFtQLR HQWURX QD FLGDGH GH $QWLRTXLD H HPSUHHQGHX D EXVFD GRV FKDUODWmHV
IH] DWRUPHQWDU SURIHWDV H VDFHUGRWHV GR UHFpPHULJLGR tGROR WUDWDQGR GH DYHULJXDU SRU TXH
UD]mRKDYLDPILQJLGRDIUDXGH&RPRDSHUWDGRVSHORVWRUPHQWRVQmROKHVHUDSRVVtYHOVHJXLU
RFXOWDQGRRGHFODUDUDPTXHWRGRRPLVWpULRHUDXPDIUDXGHXUGLGDSHORHQJHQKRGH7HRWHFQR
(QWmR LPS{V D WRGRV R FDVWLJR TXH KDYLDP PHUHFLGR H HQWUHJRX j PRUWH SULPHLUR R SUySULR
7HRWHFQRHORJRWDPEpPVHXVF~PSOLFHVQRHQJRGRGHSRLVGHQXPHURVRVVXSOtFLRV
$WRGRVHVWHVYLHUDPMXQWDUVHLQFOXVLYHRVILOKRVGH0D[LPLQRDRVTXDLVMiWLQKDIHLWRVyFLRV
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HVFROKDHGHVXDUHOLJLmR
0DVFRPRRFRUUHXTXHQDTXHOHGHFUHWRHPTXHDRVPHVPRVVHRXWRUJDYDVHPHOKDQWHIDFXOGDGH
SDUHFHTXHVHDFUHVFHQWDYDPFODUDPHQWHPXLWDVHGLYHUVDVFRQGLo}HVWDOYH]VHGHVVHTXHDOJXQV
GHOHVIRUDPSRXFRGHSRLVYLROHQWDPHQWHDIDVWDGRVGDGLWDREVHUYkQFLD
4XDQGRHX&RQVWDQWLQR$XJXVWRHHX/LFtQLR$XJXVWRQRVUHXQLPRVIHOL]PHQWHHP0LOmR
HQRVSXVHPRVDGLVFXWLUWXGRRTXHLPSRUWDYDDRSURYHLWRHXWLOLGDGHS~EOLFDVHQWUHDVFRLVDV
TXHQRVSDUHFLDPGHXWLOLGDGHSDUDWRGRVHPPXLWRVDVSHFWRVGHFLGLPRVVREUHWXGRGLVWULEXLU
XPDV SULPHLUDV GLVSRVLo}HV HP TXH VH DVVHJXUDYDP R UHVSHLWR H R FXOWR j GLYLQGDGH LVWR p
SDUDGDUWDQWRDRVFULVWmRVTXDQWRDWRGRVHPJHUDOOLYUHHVFROKDSDUDVHJXLUDUHOLJLmRTXH
TXLVHVVHP FRP R ILP GH TXH WDQWR D QyV TXDQWR DRV TXH YLYHP VRE QRVVD DXWRULGDGH QRV
SRVVDPVHUIDYRUiYHLVDGLYLQGDGHHRVSRGHUHVFHOHVWLDLVTXHH[LVWDP
3RUWDQWR IRL SRU XP VDXGiYHO H UHWtVVLPR DUUD]RDPHQWR TXH GHFLGLPRV WRPDU HVWD QRVVD
UHVROXomRTXHDQLQJXpPVHQHJXHHPDEVROXWRDIDFXOGDGHGHVHJXLUHHVFROKHUDREVHUYkQFLD
RXDUHOLJLmRGRVFULVWmRVHTXHDFDGDXPVHGrDIDFXOGDGHGHHQWUHJDUVXDSUySULDPHQWH
jUHOLJLmRTXHFUHLDTXHVHDGDSWDDHOHDILPGHTXHDGLYLQGDGHSRVVDHPWRGDVDVFRLVDV
RXWRUJDUQRVVXDKDELWXDOVROLFLWXGHHEHQHYROrQFLD
$VVLPHUDQDWXUDOTXHGpVVHPRVSRUGHFUHWRRTXHHUDGHQRVVRDJUDGRTXHVXSULPLGDVSRU
FRPSOHWRDVFRQGLo}HVTXHVHFRQWLQKDPHPQRVVDVSULPHLUDVFDUWDVDWXDVDQWLGDGHDFHUFDGRV
FULVWmRV WDPEpP VH VXSULPLVVH WXGR R TXH SDUHFLD VHU LQWHLUDPHQWH VLQLVWUR H DOKHLR D QRVVD
PDQVLGmRHTXHDJRUDFDGDXPGRVTXHVXVWHQWDPDPHVPDUHVROXomRGHREVHUYDUDUHOLJLmR

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221. GRVFULVWmRVREVHUYHDOLYUHHVLPSOHVPHQWHVHPLPSHGLPHQWRDOJXP
7XGRLVWRGHFLGLPRVPDQLIHVWDUGDPDQHLUDPDLVFRPSOHWDDWXDVROLFLWXGHSDUDTXHVDLEDVTXH
QyVGHPRVDRVPHVPRVFULVWmRVOLYUHHDEVROXWDIDFXOGDGHGHFXOWLYDUVXDSUySULDUHOLJLmR
-i TXH HVWDLV YHQGR R TXH SUHFLVDPHQWH OKHV GHPRV VHP UHVWULomR DOJXPD WXD VDQWLGDGH
FRPSUHHQGHUi TXH WDPEpP D RXWURV D TXHP TXHLUD GiVHOKHV IDFXOGDGH GH SURVVHJXLU VXDV
SUySULDVREVHUYkQFLDVHUHOLJL}HVRTXHSUHFLVDPHQWHHVWiFODURTXHFRQYpPjWUDQT?LOLGDGHGH
QRVVRVWHPSRVGHVRUWHTXHFDGDXPWHQKDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHHVFROKHUHGDUFXOWRjGLYLQGDGH
TXHTXHLUD
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UHOLJLmRGHQLQJXpP
0DVDOpPGLVWRHPDWHQomRjVSHVVRDVGRVFULVWmRVGHFLGLPRVWDPEpPRVHJXLQWHTXHVHXV
OXJDUHV HP TXH DQWHULRUPHQWH WLQKDP SRU FRVWXPH UHXQLUVH H DFHUFD GRV TXDLV Mi HP FDUWD
DQWHULRUHQYLDGDDWXDVDQWLGDGHKDYLDRXWUDUHJUDGHOLPLWDGDSDUDRWHPSRDQWHULRUVHSDUHFHU
TXHDOJXpPRVWHQKDFRPSUDGRVHMDGHQRVVRWHVRXURS~EOLFRVHMDGHTXDOTXHURXWURTXHRV
UHVWLWXDDRVPHVPRVFULVWmRVVHPUHFODPDUGLQKHLURQHPFRPSHQVDomRDOJXPDGHL[DQGRGH
ODGRWRGDQHJOLJrQFLDHWRGRHTXtYRFR(VHDOJXQVSRUDFDVRRVUHFHEHUDPFRPRGRDomRTXH
HVWHVPHVPRVOXJDUHVVHMDPUHVWLWXtGRVRPDLVUDSLGDPHQWHSRVVtYHODRVPHVPRVFULVWmRV
0DVGHWDOPDQHLUDTXHWDQWRRVTXHKDYLDPFRPSUDGRGLWRVOXJDUHVFRPRRVTXHRVUHFHEHUDP
GH SUHVHQWH VH SHGLUHP DOJXPD FRPSHQVDomR GH QRVVD EHQHYROrQFLD SRVVDP DFXGLU DR
PDJLVWUDGRTXHMXOJDQROXJDUSDUDTXHWDPEpPVHSURYHMDDHOHSRUPHLRGHQRVVDERQGDGH
7XGRRTXHGHYHUiVHUHQWUHJXHjFRUSRUDomRGRVFULVWmRVSHORPHVPRJUDoDVDWXDVROLFLWXGH
VHPDPHQRUGLODomR
(FRPRRFRUUHTXHRVPHVPRVFULVWmRVQmRVRPHQWHWrPDTXHOHVOXJDUHVHPTXHFRVWXPDYDP
UHXQLUVHPDVTXHVHVDEHTXHWDPEpPSRVVXHPRXWURVOXJDUHVSHUWHQFHQWHVQmRDFDGDXP
GHOHVPDVDRGLUHLWRGHVXDFRUSRUDomRLVWRpGRVFULVWmRVHPYLUWXGHGDOHLTXHDQWHULRUPHQWH
PHQFLRQHLPDQGDUiVTXHWRGRVHVVHVEHQVVHMDPUHVWLWXtGRVVHPRPHQRUSURWHVWRDRVPHVPRV
FULVWmRVLVWRpDVXDFRUSRUDomRHDFDGDXPDGHVXDVDVVHPEOpLDVJXDUGDGDHYLGHQWHPHQWHD
UD]mRH[SRVWDDFLPDTXHDTXHOHVFRPRGLVVHPRVTXHRVUHVWLWXtUHPVHPUHFRPSHQVDHVSHUHP
GHQRVVDEHQHYROrQFLDVXDSUySULDLQGHQL]DomR
(PWXGRLVWRGHYHUiVRIHUHFHUjGLWDFRUSRUDomRGRVFULVWmRVDPDLVHILFD]GLOLJrQFLDSDUDTXH
QRVVRFRPDQGRVHFXPSUDRPDLVUDSLGDPHQWHSRVVtYHOHSDUDTXHWDPEpPQLVWRJUDoDVDQRVVD
ERQGDGHVHSURYHMDjWUDQT?LOLGDGHFRPXPHS~EOLFD
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( SDUD TXH R DOFDQFH GHVWD QRVVD OHJLVODomR EHQHYROHQWH SRVVD FKHJDU DR FRQKHFLPHQWR GH
WRGRVpSUHFLVRTXHWXGRRTXHQyVWHPRVHVFULWRWHQKDSUHIHUrQFLDHSRURUGHPWXDVHSXEOLTXH
SRUWRGDVDVSDUWHVHVHOHYHDRFRQKHFLPHQWRGHWRGRVSDUDTXHDQLQJXpPVHSRVVDRFXOWDU
HVWDOHJLVODomRIUXWRGHQRVVDEHQHYROrQFLD

&ySLDGHRXWUDGLVSRVLomRLPSHULDOTXHWDPEpPIRLWRPDGDDVVLQDODQGRTXHDGRDomRIRLIHLWD
VRPHQWHjLJUHMDFDWyOLFD

6D~GHHVWLPDGtVVLPR$QXOLQR
eFRVWXPHGHQRVVDEHQHYROrQFLDRVHJXLQWHTXHQyVQmR
VRPHQWHTXHUHPRVTXHQmRVHFDXVHGDQRDRTXHSUHFLVDPHQWHSHUWHQFHDRGLUHLWRDOKHLRPDV
TXHLQFOXVLYHVHUHVWLWXDHVWLPDGtVVLPR$QXOLQR
'Dt TXH TXHLUDPRV TXH DR UHFHEHU HVWD FDUWD VH HP FDGD FLGDGH RX LQFOX VLYH HP RXWURV
OXJDUHV DOJXQV GHVWHV EHQV SHUWHQFLDP j ,JUHMD FDWyOLFD GRV FULVWmRV H DJRUD RV GHWHQKDP
FLGDGmRVRXRXWUDVSHVVRDVIDoDVFRPTXHGLWRVEHQVVHMDPUHVWLWXtGRVLPHGLDWDPHQWHjPHVPDV
LJUHMDVSRVWRTXHGHFLGLPRVTXHSUHFLVDPHQWHDTXLORTXHDVGLWDVLJUHMDVSRVVXtDPDQWHVVHMD
UHVWLWXtGRDVHXGLUHLWR

2VGRFXPHQWRVVHJXLQWHVDIHWDPVRPHQWHD,JUHMDGR2FLGHQWHSRULVVRDSDUHFHDSHQDVRQRPHGH&RQVWDQWLQR

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222. 3RUFRQVHJXLQWHMiTXHWXDVDQWLGDGHHVWiFRPSURYDQGRTXHDRUGHPGHVWHQRVVRFRPDQGRp
HYLGHQWHDSUHVVDWHSDUDTXHWXGRVHMDPMDUGLQVFDVDVRXTXDOTXHURXWUDFRLVDTXHSHUWHQoDDR
GLUHLWRGDVGLWDVLJUHMDVVHMDOKHVUHVWLWXtGRRPDLVUDSLGDPHQWHSRVVtYHOGHVRUWHTXHFKHJXHD
QRVVRFRQKHFLPHQWRTXHDSOLFDVWHDHVWDQRVVDRUGHPDPDLVHVFUXSXORVDREHGLrQFLD4XHWXGR
WHYiEHPHVWLPDGtVVLPRHPXLTXHULGR$QXOLQR

&ySLDGHXPDFDUWDLPSHULDOSHODTXDOPDQGDTXHVHUH~QDXPFRQFtOLRGHELVSRVHP5RPD
VREUHDXQLGDGHHDFRQFyUGLDGDVLJUHMDV
&RQVWDQWLQR $XJXVWR D 0LOFtDGHV ELVSR GRV URPDQRV H D 0DUFRV 0XLWRV LPSRUWDQWHV
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TXDLVVHPHQFLRQDTXHRELVSRGDFLGDGHGRVFDUWDJLQHVHV&HFLOLDQRpDFXVDGRGHPXLWDVFRLVDV
SRUDOJXQVGHVHXVFROHJDVFRPVHGHQD?IULFDHDPLPPHSDUHFHVXPDPHQWHJUDYHTXHQHVWDV
SURYtQFLDVTXHDGLYLQDSURYLGrQFLDYROXQWDULDPHQWHFRQILRXDPLQKDVROLFLWXGHHQDVTXDLVp
PXLWRQXPHURVDDSRSXODomRHQFRQWUHVHXPDPXOWLGmRSHUVLVWLQGRQRSLRUFRPRVHHVWLYHVVH
GLYLGLGDHTXHHQWUHRVSUySULRVELVSRVH[LVWDPGLIHUHQoDV
3HORTXHGHFLGLPRVTXHRSUySULR&HFLOLDQRFRPGH]ELVSRVGRVTXHSDUHFHPDFXViORHRXWURV
GH]TXHHOHPHVPRSRVVDFUHUQHFHVViULRVSDUDVXDSUySULDFDXVDHPEDUTXHSDUD5RPDHDOL
HVWDQGRYyVSUHVHQWHVDVVLPFRPRWDPEpPYRVVRVFROHJDV5HWtFLR0DWHUQRH0DULQR
DRV
TXDLVPDQGHLSRUHVWDFDXVDDSUHVVDUHPVHDLUD5RPDSRVVDVHURXYLGRRTXHVHDMXVWD
FRPRVDEHVjOHLDXJXVWtVVLPD
0HVPRDVVLPSDUDTXHSRVVDLVWHUDFHUFDGHWRGRVHVWHVDVVXQWRVXPFRQKHFLPHQWRFRPSOHWR
DQH[RDPLQKDFDUWDDVFySLDVGRVGRFXPHQWRVTXHPHHQYLRX$QXOLQRHUHPHWRRVWDPEpPD
YRVVRVFROHJDVDQWHULRUPHQWHFLWDGRV4XDQGRRVOHUGHVYRVVDILUPH]DGHFLGLUiGHTXHPDQHLUD
KDYHUiTXHH[DPLQDUFRPRPDLRUHVFU~SXORDGLWDFDXVDHGDUOKHILPFRQIRUPHRGLUHLWR
SRVWRTXHQmRYRVpRFXOWDGRTXHHVWRXGLVSHQVDQGRjOHJtWLPD,JUHMDFDWyOLFDXPUHVSHLWRWmR
JUDQGHTXHSRUQDGDGRPXQGRTXHURTXHSHUPLWDLVFLVPDRXGLYLVmRHPOXJDUDOJXP4XHD
GLYLQGDGHGRJUDQGH'HXVYRVJXDUGHSRUPXLWRVDQRVHVWLPDGtVVLPR

&ySLD GH XPD FDUWD LPSHULDO SHOD TXDO PDQGD TXH VH IDoD XP VHJXQGR FRQFLOLR VREUH D
HOLPLQDomRGHWRGD'LYLVm2HQWUHRVELVSRV
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FRPkQLPRYLOHSHUYHUVRFRPHoDUDPDGLYLGLUVHDFHUFDGRFXOWRGRVDQWRHFHOHVWLDOSRGHU
H GD UHOLJLmR
FDWyOLFD TXHUHQGR HX FRUWDU VHPHOKDQWHV GLVFXVV}HV HQWUH HOHV GLWHL XPDV
GLVSRVLo}HVGHWDOQDWXUH]DTXHHQYLDQGRDOJXQVELVSRVGD*iOLDDRVGDVSDUWHVFRQWUiULDVTXH
OXWDYDP HQWUH VL REVWLQDGD H IHUR]PHQWH H DFKDQGRVH WDPEpP SUHVHQWH R ELVSR GH 5RPD
DTXLORTXHSDUHFLDHVWDUHPOLWtJLRSXGHVVHVROXFLRQDUVHSRUHIHLWRGHVXDSUHVHQoDXQLGDDXP
FXLGDGRVRH[DPH
0DV R TXH RFRUUH SRVWR TXH DOJXQV HVTXHFHQGRVH GH VXD SUySULD VDOYDomR H GD YHQHUDomR
GHYLGDjVDQWtVVLPDUHOLJLmRDLQGDKRMHQmRFHVVDPGHSURORQJDUVXDVSHFXOLDUHVLQLPL]DGHV
HQmRTXHUHPFRQIRUPDUVHFRPDVHQWHQoDMiGLWDGDGHFODUDQGRTXHHPUHDOLGDGHVRPHQWH
DOJXQVSRXFRVDSRUWDUDPVXDVSUySULDVRSLQL}HVHDILUPDo}HVRXDWpPHVPRTXHVHPKDYHU
VLGR H[DPLQDGR FRP H[DWLGmR WXGR R TXH GHYLD VHU H[DPLQDGR DSUHVVDUDPVH D HPLWLU R
MXt]R D WRGD SUHVVD H SUHFLSLWDGDPHQWH GLVWR YHLR D UHVXOWDU TXH RV PHVPRV TXH GHYHULDP
WHU XPD FRQFyUGLD IUDWHUQD H XQkQLPH VHSDUDUDPVH XQV GRV RXWURV YHUJRQKRVDPHQWH H
PDLV DERPLQDYHOPHQWH H GHUDP PRWLYR GH ]RPEDULD DRV KRPHQV FXMDV DOPDV VmR DOKHLDV j
VDQWtVVLPDUHOLJLmR'HYLGRDLVWRWLYHTXHWRPDUSURYLGrQFLDVSDUDTXHRPHVPRSUHFLVDPHQWH
TXHGHYHULDWHUFHVVDGRSRUOLYUHDVVHQWLPHQWRGHSRLVGRMXt]RMiGHWHUPLQDGRSRVVDFKHJDUD
XPWHUPRDRPHQRVDJRUDFRPDSUHVHQoDGHPXLWRV

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223. &RPRSRLVRUGHQDPRVDQXPHURVRVELVSRVGHGLIHUHQWHVHLQFRQWiYHLVOXJDUHVTXHVHUH~QDPQD
FLGDGHGH$ULHVSHODVFDOHQGDVGHDJRVWR
SHQVDPRVHVFUHYHUWHWDPEpPDWLSDUDTXHWRPHV
GRJRYHUQDGRUGD6LFtOLDRLOXVWUtVVLPR/DWURQLDQRXPYHtFXORS~EOLFRHMXQWDQGRDWLSHOR
PHQRVRXWURVGRLVGDVHJXQGDRUGHP
TXHWXPHVPRYHQKDVDHVFROKHUHGHSRLVGHWRPDUHV
DLQGDWUrVFULDGRVTXHSRVVDPVHUYLUYRVQRFDPLQKRWHDSUHVHQWHVHVVHPHVPRGLDQROXJDU
DFLPDLQGLFDGR
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UHXQLGRVDRVHURXYLGRWXGRRTXHVHGLUiGDSDUWHGRVTXHDJRUDHVWmRGLYLGLGRVDRVTXDLV
LJXDOPHQWH RUGHQHL HVWDUHP SUHVHQWHV DTXLOR PHVPR TXH SRU FDXVD GH XPD YHUJRQKRVD
GLVSXWD HQWUH FRPSDQKHLURV WHP VH PDQWLGR DWp DJRUD GH IRUPD HUUDGD SRGHUi DLQGD TXH
OHQWDPHQWHVHUQRYDPHQWHFRQGX]LGRjUHOLJLmRGHYLGDjIpHjFRQFyUGLDIUDWHUQD4XHR'HXV
7RGRSRGHURVRWHFRQVHUYHVmRSRUPXLWRVDQRV

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3RVWR TXH HP WRGDV DV SURYtQFLDV SDUWLFXODUPHQWH QDV ?IULFDV QDV 1XPtGLDV H QDV
0DXULWkQLDV
GHWHUPLQHLTXHVHRXWRUJDVVHDOJRSDUDRVJDVWRVGHDOJXQVPLQLVWURVGHVLJQDGRV
GD OHJtWLPD H VDQWtVVLPD UHOLJLmR FDWyOLFD GHVSD FKHL XPD FDUWD SDUD R SHUIHLWtVVLPR 8UVR
GLUHWRUJHUDOGDVILQDQoDVGD?IULFDLQGLFDQGROKHTXHSURYLGHQFLDVVHSDUDDERQDUDWXDILUPH]D
WUrVPLOIROOLV
7XSRUFRQVHJXLQWHTXDQGRDFXVDUGHVRUHFHELPHQWRGDLQGLFDGDTXDQWLDGHGLQKHLURPDQGD
TXHHVWHGLQKHLURVHMDUHSDUWLGRDWRGDVDVSHVVRDVDFLPDPHQFLRQDGDVFRQIRUPHRGRFXPHQWR
TXH2VLRWHHQYLRX
0DVVHSHUFHEHUGHVTXHIDOWDDOJRSDUDRFXPSULPHQWRGHVWHPHXSODQRUHODWLYRDHOHVGHYHUiV
SHGLUVHPGHPRUDD+HUiFOLGHVRSURFXUDGRUGHQRVVRVEHQVRTXDQWRVDLEDVTXHpQHFHVViULR
Mi TXH DFKDQGRVH DTXL SUHVHQWH GHLOKH RUGHQV SDUD TXH VH SUHRFXSDVVH GH SDJDUWH VHP D
PHQRUYDFLODomRQRFDVRGHTXHWXDILUPH]DOKHSHGLVVHDOJXPGLQKHLUR
(FRPRWHQKRLQIRUPHVGHTXHDOJXQVKRPHQVGHSHQVDPHQWRLQFRQVWDQWHHVWmRTXHUHQGRDIDVWDU
RSRYRGDVDQWtVVLPDHFDWyOLFD,JUHMDFRPSHUYHUVRHQJDQRVDLEDTXHGHLRUGHQVVHPHOKDQWHV
DR SURF{QVXO $QXOLQR H WDPEpP DR UHSUHVHQWDQWH GRV SUHIHLWRV 3DWUtFLR TXH VH DFKDYDP
SUHVHQWHV SDUD TXH DOpP GR PDLV GHGLTXHP WDPEpP D LVWR D GHYLGD SUHRFXSDomR H QmR VH
SHUPLWDPGHVFXLGDUGHVWHDVVXQWR
3RUWDQWR VH YLUGHV TXH DOJXQV KRPHQV DVVLP SHUVLVWHP QHVWD ORXFXUD DSHOD VHP D PHQRU
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TXDQGRHVWDYDPSUHVHQWHVRVFRQYHUWDPDRERPFDPLQKR
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GHWRGDIXQomRS~EOLFDFLYLO
6D~GHHVWLPDGtVVLPR$QXOLQR&RPRSDUHFHSRUXPDVpULHGHIDWRVTXHVHPSUHTXHDUHOLJLmR
HPTXHVHFRQVHUYDRVXSUHPRUHVSHLWRDRVDQWtVVLPRSRGHUGRFpXIRLGHVSUH]DGDIRLFDXVDGH
JUDQGHVSHULJRVSDUDRVDVVXQWRVS~EOLFRVHSRURXWURODGRTXDQGRIRLDGPLWLGDHSUHVHUYDGD
OHJDOPHQWH SURSRUFLRQRX DR QRPH URPDQR HQRUPH IRUWXQD H XPD SURVSHULGDGH VLQ JXODU D
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GH VXD SUySULD OHL VHP HVWRUYR DOJXP Mi TXH VH HOHV UHQGHP j GLYLQGDGH D PDLRU DGRUDomR
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7DLVGRQVSRLV
QRVFRQFHGLDDGLYLQDHFHOHVWLDOJUDoDGDPDQLIHVWDomRGHQRVVR6DOYDGRU
HWmRDEXQGDQWHVHUDPRVEHQVTXHSRUPHLRGHQRVVDSD]VHRXWRUJDYDDWRGRVRVKRPHQV(
GHVWDPDQHLUDRQRVVRHUDFHOHEUDGRHQWUHUHJR]LMRHJUDQGHVUHXQL}HVIHVWLYDV
0DV QHP D LQYHMD LQLPLJD GR EHP QHP R GHP{QLR DPDQWH GR PDO SRGLDP VXSRUWDU D
FRQWHPSODomRGRTXHYLDPFRPRWDPSRXFRSDUD/LFtQLRRVXFHGLGRDRVWLUDQRVDQWHULRUPHQWH
PHQFLRQDGRV
IRLVXILFLHQWHSDUDXPDDWLWXGHSUXGHQWH(OHTXHKDYLDVLGRFRQVLGHUDGRGLJQR
GHXPJRYHUQREHPSUyVSHURGLJQRGDKRQUDGRVHJXQGRSRVWRGHSRLVGRJUDQGHLPSHUDGRU
&RQVWDQWLQRHGLJQRGHDILQLGDGHHSDUHQWHVFRGRPDLVDOWRJUDX
LDVHDIDVWDQGRGDLPLWDomR
GRVERQVHHPWURFDFRSLDYDDSHUYHUVLGDGHHPDOtFLDGRVtPSLRVWLUDQRV(DLQGDTXHWLYHVVH
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