Histology 2.pdf introduction to tissues chapter 2

Introduction to tissues

1. HISTOLOGY
LECTURE 2
Histology of Body Tissues 1
(Epithelium)
Prof Kasonde Bowa
MSc,M.Med,FRCS,FACS,FCS,MPH
Professor
DEAN CBU SOM

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVE
•1.Knowledge-to explain key information
about the 4 body tissues and their cellular
structure( Microscopic) with focus on the
epithelium
•To understand the microscopic
appearance of epithelia.
•To explain how this information relates to
life and medical practice

3. INTRODUCTION
Lecture 1 = Cells and some key organelles
Practical 1= Key organelles on Virtual
Microscopy
Lecture 2= Cells formation epithelia
Compare the Cell to the Tissues

4. HISTOLOGY
•Histology: The study of the structure of
cells
•Cells: The smallest living units
•Tissue: The organization of cells of
common type into one functional units

5. HISTOLOGY
•Organs: These are macroscopically
distinct body structures which are built
from body tissue.
•Body Systems: These are organizations of
body organs into one physiological distinct
functional unit.

6. Levels of Organization:
99.9% =

7. THE TISSUES
1.Epithelium-covering of body surfaces
2.Connective Tissues-supporting tissue
3.Muscle Tissue-specialised contractile
tissue
4.Nerve Tissue-Tissue transmits nerve
impulses

9. 1.Function Epithelium
2.Where is it found
3.How does it perform this function
“Form follows function”
Key Points:

10. 1.Protective, Digestion,Produces
Hormones,Filteration gas,liquids
Storage etc
2.All body organs and systems
3.Cells specialisations allow these
functions
Epithelium

11. Naming of Epithelia
Cell Shapes
1.Squamous(flat)
2.Cuboidal (square)
3.Columnar
(rectangle)
Arrangement
1.Simple (single layer)
2.Stratified
(mulitlayered)
3.Pseudostratified
(Pretends to be multilayered
by varying cell height)

12. Characteristics of Epithelia
•Apical surface
•Basal surface
•Basement membrane
•Avascular
•Highly mitotic
•Minimal neural
connections

13. Simple Squamous

15. 1.Covering body cavity
2.Lubrication,Protection & Movement
3. Mesothelium & Peritoneum
Simple Squamous

16. Simple Cuboidal

18. 1.Production hormones & enzymes
2.Glands and Kidney tubules
3.Form glands and acts conduits
Simple Cuboidal

19. Simple Columnar Epithelium

20. Simple Columnar Epithelium
with cilia

21. 1.Digestion,Reproductive
2.GIT and Female Reproductive
System
3.Cells specialisations allow these
functions
Simple Columnar

22. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

24. 1.Protective,
2.Skin,Vagina,Oesophagus
3.Cells specialisations allow these
functions eg Keratin
Stratified Squamous

25. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

26. Stratified Columnar Epithelium

27. Transitional Epithelium

29. 1.Urine Storage etc
2.Urinary Bladder
3.Cells specialisations allow these
functions eg stretching ,
umbrella(polyhyderal cells)
Transitional Epith

30. Pseudostratified Columnar
Epithelium

32. 1.Filteration
,Respiratory,Reproduction
2.Respiratory Systems
&Reproductive System tubes
3.Cells specialisations allow these
functions eg cilia and goblet cells
Pseudostratified

33. 1.Cover body surfaces
2.Named according cell shape and
number of cell layers
3.Location type is based on function
specializations.
Key Points:

34. Application to Life
•Beauty-social evaluation of the epithelium
•Hair and age (old men wear hats?)
•Skin and health
•Wealth and influence –epithelium eg
Zambian Presidents Notice change when
politican move to plot 1.

35. Application to Medicine
•Epithelial surface vital to normal function
•Infertility/Common cold cilia damage
•Respiratory Function digestion
•Multiple Organ failure fail epithelial
surfaces

36. CONCLUSION
•1.Learnt epithelium structure and
classification
•2.How the epithelium is classified
•3. Application to medical practice
•4.Practical Afternoon recognize these
structures