Historical Perspective of the Philippine educational system.pptx

Historical Perspective of the Philippine educational system

1. Historical perspective of the Philippine educational system

2. Pre-Spanish Period 1521

3. During the pre-colonial period, most children were provided only vocational training, which was supervised by parents, tribal tutors or those assigned for specific, specialized roles within their communities (for example, the babaylan ). In most communities, stories, songs, poetry, dances, medicinal practices and advice regarding all sorts of community life issues were passed from generation to generation mostly through oral tradition. Some communities utilized a writing system known as baybayin , whose use was wide and varied, though there are other syllabaries used throughout the archipelago.

4. Philippine indigenous communities recognize a woman (or man) as a Babaylan , someone who has the ability to mediate with the spirit world, has her own spirit Baybayin is one of the precolonial writing systems used by early Filipinos. The term “ baybayin ” comes from the Tagalog root word baybay , which means “to spell.”

5. Methods of education Tell me or Show me or demonstration method Oral, practical and hands on

6. Spanish Period 1521/1896 Formal education was brought to the Philippines by the Spaniards, which was conducted mostly by religious orders. Upon learning the local languages and writing systems, they began teaching Christianity, the Spanish language, and Spanish culture. These religious orders opened the first schools and universities as early as the 16th century.

7. Spanish missionaries established schools immediately after reaching the islands. The Augustinians opened a parochial school in Cebu in 1565. The Franciscans, took to the task of improving literacy in 1577, aside from the teaching of new industrial and agricultural techniques. The Jesuits followed in 1581, as well as the Dominicans in 1587, setting up a school in Bataan.

8. Schools for boys and for girls were then opened. Colegios were opened for boys, apparently the equivalent to present day senior high schools. Girls had two types of schools - the beaterio , a school meant to prepare them for the convent, and another, meant to prepare them for secular womanhood .

9. The Educational Decree of 1863 provided a free public education system in the Philippines, managed by the government. The decree mandated the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and one for girls in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government, and the establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits . Primary education was also declared free and available to every Filipino, regardless of race or social class . Among those who benefited from the free public education system were a burgeoning group of Filipino intellectuals: the Ilustrados ('enlightened ones'), some of whom included José Rizal, Graciano López Jaena , Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, and Antonio Luna--all of whom played vital roles in the Propaganda Movement that ultimately inspired the founding of the Katipunan .

10. Missionary teachers ( Friars) replace the tribal tutors The Curriculum requires to study the Christian Doctrines, Values and history as well as reading and writing in Spanish, mathematics, agriculture, etiquette, singing, world geography, and Spanish history. Girls also taught Sewing. The Normal School , run by the Jesuits, was also established which gave men the opportunity to study a three-year teacher education for the primary level.

11. Methods of teaching Catechetical instruction Corporate punishment They used physical punishment on their pupils. They usually carried a wooden paddle called “ palmeta ” for striking the palms or the buttocks of erring students. That was the teacher's way of disciplining students. Rote memorization Rote learning is the process of memorizing information based on repetition. Rote learning enhances students’ ability to quickly recall basic facts and helps develop foundational knowledge of a topic. Examples of rote learning include memorizing multiplication tables or the periodic table of elements.

12. roles The friars controlled the educational system The missionaries took charge in teaching, controlling and maintaining the rules and regulation. Parochial School were led by Dominican and Jesuits

13. American period About a year after having secured Manila, the Americans were keen to open up seven schools with army servicemen teaching with army command-selected books and supplies. In the same year, 1899, more schools were opened, this time, with 24 English-language teachers and 4500 students . A highly centralized, experimental public school system was installed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission and legislated by Act No. 74. The law exposed a severe shortage of qualified teachers, brought about by large enrollment numbers in schools . As a result, the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring more than 1,000 teachers from the United States, who were called the Thomasites , to the Philippines between 1901 and 1902.

14. The same law established the Philippine Normal School (now the Philippine Normal University) to train aspiring Filipino teachers. The high school system was supported by provincial governments and included special educational institutions, schools of arts and trades, an agricultural school, and commerce and marine institutes, which were established in 1902 by the Philippine Commission. Act No. 372 authorized the opening of provincial high schools .

15. Japanese era 1941 to 1944 Characteristics: Prescribed Uniform Centralized

16. 6 Basic Principles of Japanese Education To stop depending on western countries like the U.S and great Britain. Promote and enrich the Filipino Culture. To recognized that the Philippines is a part of the great East Asia, Co-prosperity Sphere so that the Philippines and japan will have a good relationships. To be aware of materialism, to raise the morality of Filipinos To learn and adopt Nippongo and to stop using the English Language To spread elementary and vocational education To develop love for work.

17. The present education system in the Philippines 1946 to present In the Philippines, a thirteen-year education is mandatory by law. These thirteen years run from kindergarten up to grade 12, also known as the K-12 programme . After which, students have the option of whether to pursue higher education or not . Three government agencies manage the different levels of education in the Philippines . The Department of Education ( DepEd ) sets the standards and implements standardized tests for public schools throughout K-12. Meanwhile, private schools tend to have more freedom in developing their curricula as long as they adhere to DepEd’s existing laws.

18. 2. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) oversees higher education institutions, such as colleges and universities. 3. The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority ( TESDA) regulates the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs.

19. Philippine education structure For a long time, the education system in the Philippines was one of the shortest in the world. Back then, formal education was only required for 10 years (6 years of primary school and 4 years of high school). In 2012, the government introduced new legislation requiring students to attend school from kindergarten (around age 5) to grade 12 (around age 18). This meant that the new legislation added 2 years to the curriculum before students could finish high school. Since then, the education system in the Philippines became more similar to American K-12 schooling . K-12 in the Philippines has 3 levels : Primary School (Primary Education) – K to 6 Junior High School (Lower Secondary Education) – 7 to 10 Senior High School (Upper Secondary Education) – 11 to 12

20. Primary Education Generally, the duration of primary school in the Philippines is about six years, and it is divided into two cycles : Primary cycle (4 years): Grades 1 to 4 Intermediate cycle (2 years): Grades 5 to 6 This type of curriculum is mandatory in public schools. However, private schools usually offer a 7-year curriculum instead of 6, so children attend school a year earlier . At the end of every school year, the student’s cumulative grades are evaluated. If the students pass or earn at least 75%, they can move forward to the next year level . After completing six years of primary school, the students graduate and earn a diploma from the institution. After earning this diploma, they can move onto secondary education.

21. Secondary Education Secondary education in the Philippines is also known as high school, and it consists of two levels : Lower Secondary Education (Junior High school): Grades 7 to 10 Upper Secondary Education (Senior High school): Grades 11 to 12 There are different types of junior high school in the Philippines : General secondary school: Consists of four levels mainly based on the American curriculum. Vocational secondary school: Technical and vocational education programmed offered by the government and private institutions. * Science secondary schools: Research-orientated and specialized public high school for students with demonstrated math's and sciences skills.

22. In the new education system in the Philippines, the curriculum gained two additional years, now referred to as Senior High School. It is now compulsory for students to attend Senior High School, wherein the courses have two division: Core curriculum subjects: Consists of 8 learning areas made up of 15 core courses. Track subjects : Further divided into Applied Subjects and Specialization Subjects. There are 7 Applied Subjects and 9 Specialization Subjects. By finishing Senior High School, students graduate equipped with knowledge and skills necessary for Higher Education or employment.

23. Higher Education After finishing the mandatory K-12 programmed, students in the Philippines have the option to pursue Higher Education. There are over 2,000 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines, with over 3,000,000 students enrolled in the courses (SY 2019-2020). There are different classifications of HEIs in the Philippines : College or university: Colleges typically offer specialized courses (e.g. Hotel & Restaurant Management, Nursing, Information Technology). Universities must meet stringent requirements (e.g. 6 undergraduate courses consisting of a 4-year liberal arts course, 4-year science and mathematics course, 4-year social sciences course, at least 3 courses that lead to government licensure, and; 2 graduate-level courses leading to a PhD).

24. Public or private Public colleges and universities are non-sectarian entities publicly funded by the government. Private colleges and universities can either be sectarian or non-sectarian, non-profit or for-profit and are privately managed and funded. Secular or religious Universities in the Philippines can also either be associated with a religious group or not. Higher Education in the Philippines is then divided into three phases : Undergraduate (Bachelor’s Degree) Postgraduate (Master’s Degree) Doctoral (PhD )

25. Ramon Bernard A. Senajon reporter session 1