History - Innovations and Inventions

Industrial Revolution- Inventions & Innovations

1. Inventions and Innovations During Industrial Revolution

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3. Acknowledgement I , would like to express my special thanks to my teacher and our school who gave me a golden opportunity to do this History project which helped me to gather lots of information and enhance my historical knowledge. Secondly I would like to thank my parents who guided me and helped me in doing this project within the given time frame.

4. Sr.no Date Topic Remarks Sign 1. 1/5/20 Introduction 2. 1/5/20 Causes of industrial revolution 3. 1/5/20 Inventions and innovations during Industrial revolution 4. 1/5/20 Developments 5. 1/5/20 Impacts of Industrial Revolution 6. 1/5/20 Bibliography 7. 1/5/20 Conclusion

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6. Introduction The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth . The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin. The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. 

7. Why Industrial Revolution Started in England - CAUSES Industrial Revolution

8. Causes of Industrial Revolution Historians have identified several causes for the Industrial Revolution, including: Capital for investing in the means of production , Colonies and Markets for manufactured goods, Raw materials for production ,Workers ,Merchant, Marine, Geography. England’s Resources: Capital The Commercial Revolution made many English merchants very wealthy These merchants had the capital to invest in the factory system – money to buy buildings, machinery, and raw materials England’s Resources: Colonies and Markets Wealth from the Commercial Revolution spread beyond the merchant class England had more colonies than any other nation

9. Its colonies gave England access to enormous markets and vast amounts of raw materials Colonies had rich textile industries for centuries Many of the natural cloths popular today, such as calico and gingham, were originally created in India China had a silk industry England’s Resources: Raw Materials England itself possessed the necessary raw materials to create the means of production Coal – vast coal reserves powered steam engines Iron – basic building block of large machines, railroad tracks, trains, and ships England’s Resources: Workers Serfdom and guilds ended earlier in England than other countries English people could freely travel from the countryside to the cities Enclosure Acts – caused many small farmers to lose their lands, and these former farmers increased the labor supply

10. England’s Resources: Merchant Marine World’s largest merchant fleet Merchant marine built up from the Commercial Revolution Vast numbers of ships could bring raw materials and finished goods to and from England’s colonies and possessions, as well as to and from other countries England’s Resources: Geography England is the political center of Great Britain, an island Great Britain (as the entire island was called beginning in 1707) did not suffer fighting on its land during the wars of the 18th century Island has excellent harbors and ports Damp climate benefited the textile industry (thread did not dry out) Stable government No internal trade barriers

11. Inventions and Innovations – Industrial Revolution The driving force behind the Industrial Revolution was the inventions and innovations which continuously fuelled the event by providing better and better means to increase productivity, develop new processes and enhance distribution Some of the inventions and innovations as a result of industrial revolution are: 1. Flying shuttle 2. The Spinning Jenny 3. Cotton Gin 4. Steam Engine 5. Water frame

12. Flying Shuttle : - A significant invention of the Industrial Revolution was the flying shuttle, which was invented by John Kay in 1733.  John Kay was an English inventor and is remembered today for inventing the flying shuttle along with other devices important to the textile industry in England. In 1733, he developed a wheel shuttle, later known as a flying shuttle.  The flying shuttle was used with the traditional handloom and helped improve weaving efficiency and reduced labor needs because it could be operated with only one operator.  Weaving was the process of creating cloth out of many different strands of thread.  One of the main industries that benefitted from the Industrial Revolution was the textile industry.  The textile industry was based on the development of cloth and clothing.  There were many prominent inventions for the textile industry created during the Industrial Revolution, of which the flying shuttle was one.

13. The Spinning Jenny: - The  spinning jenny  is a multi-spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. It was invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill , Oswaldtwistle ,  Lancashire in England. The Spinning Jenny was another example of great inventions of the Industrial Revolution. The spinning jenny was a machine that used a large wheel to spin many spindles of thread at once.  The invention increased the production ability of textile manufactures and was particularly important for cotton. The Spinning Jenny was groundbreaking during its time and one that would help change the world forever. It allowed workers to spin more wool at any one time It has long been credited as the main driver for the development of a modern factory system. By the time of Hargreaves's death in  1778 , there were around  20,000  Spinning Jennys across the UK.

14. 3 . The Cotton Gin :- A significant invention of the Industrial Revolution was the cotton gin, which was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793.  Eli Whitney was an American inventor and is remembered today for inventing the cotton gin, which was an important development to the textile industry With the seeds and fibers separated more efficiently it became much easier for farmers to use the fibres to make cotton goods like linen. They could also simultaneously separate seeds for more crop growth or the production of cottonseed oil. The cotton gin led to several main innovations.  First, the machine helped to boost productivity and increased cotton usage.  Second, the cotton gin helped to increase production of cotton in the United States, and made cotton into a profitable crop. Third, the machine helped to strengthen the United States' economy and laid the foundations for the slave trade. Eli Whitney The Cotton gin

15. 4. Steam Engine: – The steam engine was one of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Steam engines were used in all sorts of applications including factories, mines, locomotives, and steamboats. The first useful steam engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712. The Newcomen engine was used to pump water out of mines. Steam engines use hot steam from boiling water to drive a piston (or pistons) back and forth. The movement of the piston was then used to power a machine or turn a wheel. To create the steam, most steam engines heated the water by burning coal. The steam engine helped to power the Industrial Revolution. Steam power allowed for factories to be located anywhere. It also provided reliable power and could be used to power large machines.

16. 5. Water Frame: - A significant invention of the Industrial Revolution was the water frame, which was invented by  Richard Arkwright  in 1769. Richard Arkwright developed a spinning machine, called a water frame, which could produce strong yarn. The machine replaced the need for manual labor and enabled the production of inexpensive spun cotton by using the moving force of a creek or river that spun a shaft. The machine was important at the time because cotton was used for clothing and other everyday items.   Water frame essentially mechanized all of the process of spinning the yarn and required very little human labor.  Arkwright’s design proved significant to the textile industry in England and was replicated all over the country.  As the Industrial Revolution progressed, Arkwright’s water frame was used in countless number of factories  .

17. Developments Mass production of goods Increased numbers of goods Increased diversity of goods produced Development of factory system of production Rural-to-urban migration People left farms to work in cities Development of capitalism Financial capital for continued industrial growth Development and growth of new socio-economic classes Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class Commitment to research and development Investments in new technologies Industrial and governmental interest in promoting invention, the sciences, and overall industrial growth

18. Impact of Industrial revolution The Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant events in human history and had a profound effect on many nations throughout the world.  While the Industrial Revolution first began in Britain in the 18th century, and took place throughout the centuries that followed, its impacts can still be seen in our lives today.  For example, the Industrial Revolution led to many of the following: the growth of socialist movements and labor movements, feminist movements, urbanization, and our modern consumer society.

19.   Some of the Causes of Industrial Revolution are : 1 . Working Conditions: As a result Industrial Revolution , the working conditions had became horrible. For example, child labor was a common feature of the Industrial Revolution . Children were forced to work in Dangerous and monotonous industries for long hours without any government protection.

20. 2. Labour Unions : Another feature of the Industrial Revolution that has left an impact on the world was the emergence and growth of labor unions.  A labor union is a group of people within a particular job or industry that join together to fight for improved working conditions.  During the time period of the Industrial Revolution, working-class people were often exploited by wealthy owners.  there were very few government regulations in place to protect workers.  Out of this emerged different socialist movements that focused on improving the lives and conditions for industrial workers.  At the same time, the idea of labor unions became popular across industrial societies.  Workers formed and used unions in order to protest for a variety of things, including: shorter hours of work, higher rates of pay, safe working conditions, basic education and healthcare. 

21. 3. Urbanization : Another impact of the Industrial Revolution was its contribution to urbanization.  The Industrial Revolution first began in Britain in the 18th century due in part to an increase in food production, which was the key outcome of the Agricultural Revolution.  As such, the Agricultural Revolution is considered to have begun in the 17th century and continued throughout the centuries that followed, alongside the Industrial Revolution.  Through different measures, such as the Enclosure Movement, many farmers and their families were forced from their land and moved to more populated centers in search of work.  As a result, industrial cities and towns grew dramatically due to the migration of farmers and their families who were looking for work in the newly developed factories and mines.  For example, in 1750 nearly 80% of the population in Britain lived on farms, but by 1850 that number was cut to just 50%.  Along with the mass migration of people, Britain also experienced a rather large population boom in the early years of the Industrial Revolution. 

22. 4. Transportation improved : Ships Wooden ships → Iron ships → Steel ships Wind-powered sails → Steam-powered boilers Trains Automobiles 5. Communication improved : Telegraph Telephone Radio

23. Conclusion The Industrial revolution impacts us even today because we still use many things conceived during industrial revolution. There were many crucial inventions and innovations during industrial revolution such as antibiotics, steam engine, water frame etc. These inventions have influenced our community by giving us a form of faster production and transportation. In present we drive cars , ride in airplanes, use turbines to produce electricity, and even transport materials in ships. If steam boats and steam engine were not been created ,may be we would not have these things and forms of transportation in present day. In conclusion, the industrial revolution did cause many bad things , but it lead to wonderful inventions which still exist and are very useful.

24. Bibliography Introduction - en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Industrial_Revolution Causes of Industrial Revolution – https://www.lcboe.net/userfiles/141/Classes/2448/industrial%20revolution%20%20ppt%20slides%20with%20q's.pdf?id=538980 Inventions and Innovations during Industrial Revolution https://www.historyhit.com/key-inventions-of-the-industrial-revolution/ Devolopments - https://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolution/IREffects.html Impact of Industrial revolution - https://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolution/IREffects.html