History Nursing Care management 102.pptx

health education history

1. History Development in Health Education Arriza Kryssan M. Soria, RN, MD, FPCP, FPCEDM BSN-Ateneo de Zamboanga University

2. Definition of Terms Education process – is a systematic, sequential, planned course of action - consisting of two major interdependent operations; Teaching and Learning. Teaching - is a deliberate intervention that involves the planning and implementation of instructional activities, experiences to meet intended learner outcomes according to a teaching plan. Learning - a change in behavior (knowledge, skills, attitudes) - can occur at any time or in any place as a result of exposure to environmental stimuli. 4. Patient Education – is a process of assisting people to learn health related behaviors (knowledge skills, attitudes, values) - to incorporate those behaviors into everyday life for faster recovery

3. Early history Trial and Error (lay-referral network) No exact medication – more on herbs and spiritual healing Medical lore Use of herbs, magic and superstitious beliefs, faith healers (albularyo) or other forces that have power. P assed down from generation to generation

4. ancient cultures Good hygiene practices Paved streets, drains, sewer systems Code of Hammurabi Before science enable us to determine pathogenic causes of disease, spiritual explanations and leadership prevail One of the earliest and most complete written legal codes proclaimed by the Babylonian king Hammurabi , who reigned from 1792 to 1750 B.C. E stablished standards for commercial i nteractions and set fines and punishments to meet the requirements of justice Penalties included burning, drowning, hanging, impalement on a stake, bodily mutilation and monetary fines. Quality-of-care penalties were adjusted by social class with the opportunity to escape death or mutilation by paying a monetary fine. Practice standards were written on the clay tablets and recorded by the temple schools.

5. GREEKS Balance of physical, mental, and spiritual Hippocrates and the “atomic theory” Recorded observations between disease and geography, living conditions, climate, and diet Hippocrates - Father of modern medicine. He is more on observation of clinical signs and rational conclusions. He does not rely on religious or magical belief.

6. ROMANS Conquered the Greeks, but retained their medical knowledge Exceptional builders of water and sewage systems Attention to where they located towns and drainage Advanced study of human anatomy and surgery

7. Romans Romans observed occupational hazard 1st civilization that build hospitals 2nd century A.D – private practicing physicians also developed Work in the study of human anatomy. They dissected living human beings – procured criminals out of reason under royal permission – for the sake of knowledge and learning

8. middle ages In order for people to be protected, they built fortresses around their property and animals Overcrowding and sanitation Little emphasis on cleanliness in early Christianity Disease was caused by sin or disobeying God • Time of great epidemics – bubonic plague – very infectious disease spread by rats, causes swelling, fever and death (killed half of the people living in Europe -14th Century)

9. modern period- florence nightingale- nursing theorist Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), known as “The Lady With the Lamp,” was a British nurse, social reformer and statistician best known as the founder of modern nursing. Her experiences as a nurse during the Crimean War were foundational in her views about sanitation. Focuses on the patient and his environment. Developed the described the first theory of nursing. Notes on Nursing: What It Is, What It Is Not.

10. modern period- florence nightingale- nursing theorist She focused on changing and manipulating the environment in order to put the patient in the best possible conditions for nature to act. She believed that in the nurturing environment, the body could repair itself. Client’s environment is manipulated to include appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, socialization and hope. Environmental Theory changed the face of nursing to create sanitary conditions for patients to get care.

11. renaissance Beginning of change Disease and plague still rampant Bloodletting popular “water casting” - Is the process involves melting copper (or occasionally other metals and copper alloys like shakudo ) and then pouring the molten metal into a pot of boiling water. Barbers performed surgery and dentistry Hygiene of royalty

12. renaissance Printing press invented so classical writing could be reproduced OK to study the human body and anatomy advanced Leeuwenhoek discovered the microscope John Graunt made advancement in epidemiology “ Health B oards ” began to be developed in communities

13. age of enlightenment Disease and plagues still raged Miasmas theory - an obsolete medical theory that held that diseases—such as cholera, chlamydia, or the Black Death—were caused by a miasma, a noxious form of "bad air", also known as night air. Mind and body were dependent on one another The theory held that the origin of epidemics was due to a miasma, emanating from rotting organic matter. Edward Jenner discovered vaccine procedure for smallpox Miasmas theory of disease took hold- A poisonous vapor or mist believed to be made up of particles from decomposing material that could cause disease and could be identified by its foul smell. ... The theory of miasmas was still popular in the 1800s and led to the "Bad Air theory" which lasted until the 1860s and 1870s.

14. 1800’s bacterial period of public health First half of the century diseases continued to rage 1842 Edwin Chadwick’s report – sanitary conditions od the labouring population. He stressed on that disease could be eliminated if social conditions improved. 1848- outbreak of the 2 nd cholera epidemic, emerging sanitary movement and introduction of public health Act 1849 John Snow and the Broad Street pump Louis Pasteur – Germ theory of disease Joseph Lister – antiseptic method

15. health education and promotion in the united states Early colonial schools 1647 – “Old Deluder” law By mid 1800’s schools were tax supported and attendance was required 1850 – first mandate to teach physiology and hygiene in all public schools 1850 - Shattuck Report 1873 – APHA started 1874-1890 Women’s Crusade, later called the Women’s Christian Temperance Union 1890’s - medical inspections began

16. health education and promotion in the united states 1901- T homas Wood-a soldier-politician helped organize, train during the World War 1 1914 - Demonstration projects began - WWI, 1st large scale measure of health status of Americans 1920’s-1930’s many studies designed to clarify the role of health education Great Depression, 1929-1941 WWII, 1939-1945 1950 – Health Education was emerging as integral part of elementary, secondary, & college curriculum

17. 1970’s The era of prevention 1971 – Coalition of National Health Organizations formed 1974 – LaLonde Report ** Health Field Concept ** 1974 – CDC was established 1979 – Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention was published

18. 1980’S Promoting Health & Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation Initial Role Delineation study for Health Education Examination of professional preparation programs and professional competencies First Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES) recognized

19. 1990’S National Health Education Standards published Responsibilities/competencies for entry-level Health Educators published SOC designation for Health Educators Competencies Update Project (CUP)

20. 2000’S Unified Code of Ethics Report of Joint Committee on Health Education & Promotion Terminology Promotion of CHES Revised national HE competencies (3 levels) based on CUP Outcome-Based Education & Practice

21. PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE ACT Signed into law March 2010 Expands health care coverage Should help health education specialists Focus on prevention & preventive services Encourages & promotes worksite wellness   Evidence-based community prevention & wellness programs Moves prevention toward the mainstream Some components of the law are already in place Major components required in 2014; not be fully implemented until 2019

22. ISSUES AND TRENDS: CONTEMPORARY HEALTH AND THE PROMOTION OF HEALTH THROUGHOUT THE LIFESPAN Broadening focus on the scope of nursing practice. Before the focus was only the ill person but now, the focus was broadened from the patient/ client – family – community – society with a holistic approach: not only the sick but also the well (health promotion) Scientific Basis based on experience and observation scientific study based on research Technology Re newed Focus on Caring There is increasing need to humanize care Invol vement in health policy and decision-making Involves laws and legislations pertaining to health

23. 10 popular education trends and what you need to know 1. Self-Care. 2. Blended Learning 3. Personalized Learning 4. STEAM Curriculum 5. Genius Hour 6. Digital Citizenship 7. Bite-Sized Learning 8. Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) 9. Gamification 10. Experiential Learning

24. Bandura’s self efficacy theory Albert Bandura • Social Learning Theory In social learning theory, Albert Bandura (1977) agrees with the behaviorist learning theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning . However, he adds two important ideas: Mediating processes occur between stimuli & responses. Behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning. Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s capabilities to organize & execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments. The individual must believe that she is in control & has the power to produce results.

25. Bandura’s self efficacy theory

26. health belief model (HBM) The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the first theories of health behavior. It is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors. This is done by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. HBM is a good model for addressing problem behaviors that evoke health concerns The health belief model proposes that a person's health-related behavior depends on the person's perception of four critical areas: the severity of a potential illness the person's susceptibility to that illness the benefits of taking a preventive action the barriers to taking that action.

27. health belief model (HBM)

28. health belief model (HBM) 6 MAJOR COMPONENTS/CONCEPTS 1. Perceived Susceptibility 2. Perceived severity 3. Perceived benefits 4. Perceived costs 5. Motivation 6. Enabling or modifying factors.

29. GREEN’S PRECEDE PROCEED MODEL Proposed in 1974 by Lawrence W. Green that can help health program planners, policy makers and other evaluators, analyze situations and design health programs efficiently.

30. GREEN’S PRECEDE PROCEED MODEL Proposed in 1974 by Lawrence W. Green that can help health program planners, policy makers and other evaluators, analyze situations and design health programs efficiently.

31. SIS LETTY KWAN: CULTURE AND CREATIVITY PROCESS MODEL The Theory of Sister Letty G. Kuan is about “Graceful Aging”. Filipino Theorist Sister Letty G. Kuan Born on Nov. 19, 1936 in Katipunan- Dipolog , Zamboanga del Norte . Her interest in old people initiated her to formulate a theory for the purpose of knowing the reasons and variables on how to make people happy at retirement by conceptualizing a framework: