History_of_Discourse_Analysis_Students.pptx

History_of_Discourse_Analysis

1. The history of discourse analysis

2. What is Discourse Analysis? • Study of language beyond the sentence • Looks at how language is used in real-life situations • Focuses on context, culture, and meaning • Example: 'Sit down' can be a request, order, or joke depending on situation

3. Grammar vs. Discourse • Grammar = rules inside the sentence - Sounds, words, sentence structure • Discourse = language in context - Who is speaking? - To whom? - In what situation? - What effect does it have?

4. Early Developments (1950s–1960s) • Linguistics focused on grammar (Noam Chomsky) • Scholars realized grammar alone cannot explain communication • Need to study language in context

5. Emergence (1970s) • Sociolinguistics: focus on social factors in language ( Hymes ) • Speech Act Theory: language as action (Austin, Searle) • Narrative Analysis: structure of stories ( Labov ) • Discourse Analysis becomes an independent field

6. Key Thinkers • Michael Pêcheux – Automatic Discourse Analysis • William Labov – Narrative structures • John Austin & John Searle – Speech Act Theory • Dell Hymes – SPEAKING model • Michel Foucault – Discourse, power, and knowledge

7. Modern Applications • Education – classroom communication • Politics – speeches and persuasion • Media – news, TV, social media • Everyday life – conversations, identity, culture

8. Summary • Discourse analysis = study of language in context • Grew from grammar-focused linguistics to a broad field • Connects language, society, and power • Helps us understand how communication shapes our world