History the life and work of Rizal group 1

the life and works of Rizal

1. CHAPTER 2: THE 19 TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT

2. OVERVIEW Periods of history has its own story to tell. Thus, important events happen that changes the process and the heroes known today are result of people’s reaction to the condition of the society that they are into.

3. OVERVIEW This module will help you understand the status of Philippines during the 19 th century, explain how Filipinos lived during this period and more importantly you will learn how it affected the ideals and principles of Rizal.

4. INTRODUCTION In the 19 th century, such concept as industrialism, democracy, and nationalism triggered revolutionary changes in science, technology, economics, and politics. These changes enable men to achieve the heights of prosperity and dignity.

5. INTRODUCTION Although 19 th century was largely medieval, signs of progress or change were noted in certain sectors.

6. INTRODUCTION Its social and economic structure was based on the old feudalistic patterns of abuse and exploitation of the Indios , Racial discriminatory practices were oppressive.

7. INTRODUCTION Intellectual decadence prevailed and government process did not respect the needs of the people.

8. SOCIAL STRUCTURE Philippine society was predominantly feudalistic. The result of the Spanish landholding system imposed upon country with the arrival of the conquistadores.

9. SOCIAL STRUCTURE Elite class exploited the masses, fostered by the “master-slave” relationship between the Spaniards and Filipinos.

10. SOCIAL STRUCTURE The Spaniards exacted all forms of taxes and tributes and drafted the natives for manual labor. Consequently, the poor became poorer and the rich, richer.

11. SOCIAL STRUCTURE The pyramidal structure of the 19 th century Philippine society favored the Spaniards.

12. SOCIAL STRUCTURE Its apex was occupied by the Spanish officials, Peninsulares (a Spaniard born in Spain) and the friars.

13. SOCIAL STRUCTURE The middle class was consisted of the following: Insulares - full blood Spaniards born in the Philippines.

14. SOCIAL STRUCTURE Creoles- they are mix blood or combination of Spaniards and Filipino. Mestizos- they are mixed indigenous Filipinos.

15. SOCIAL STRUCTURE Mestizos are also called in different types: 1. Mestizo de Sangley - person of mixed Chinese and Filipino ancestry.

16. SOCIAL STRUCTURE 2 . Mestizo de Espanol - person of mixed Spanish and Filipino ancestry. 3. Tornatras - persons of mixed Spanish, Chinese, and Filipino ancestry.

17. SOCIAL STRUCTURE Illustrados - they were the middle class who were educated in Spanish and exposed to Spanish liberal and European Nationalists ideas.

18. SOCIAL STRUCTURE The base of the pyramid was occupied by the Indios – defined as the native indigenous peoples in all the Spanish America and Asia possesions .

19. SOCIAL STRUCTURE During the Spanish colonial period in the Mariana Islands (17 th through 19 th centuries) the Chamorros people were classified as Indios . In the Spanish racial hierarchy, Indios were the lowest-ranked group.

20. SOCIAL STRUCTURE Racial discrimination was prevalent as the Spanish-born Peninsulares were given the highest offices and positions in society, while the Creoles, the Philippine-born Spaniards, the half breed or mestizos , enjoyed second priority, and the natives

21. SOCIAL STRUCTURE or Indios were looked down upon.