Hodgkin lymphoma

presented by HAFIZ M WASEEM
university of education LAHORE Pakistan
i am from mailsi vehari and studied in lahore
bsc in science college multan
msc from lahore

1. TOPIC : HODGKIN LYMPHOMA HAFIZ M WASEEM UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION LAHORE

2. CONTENT LIST Lymph System Types of Lymphoma Hodgkin Lymphoma Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Types of Hodgkin Lymphoma Stages of Hodgkin Lymphoma Symptoms of Hodgkin Lymphoma Causes of Hodgkin Lymphoma Victims of Hodgkin Lymphoma

3. Survival Ratio of Victims Diagnoses of Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk of Treatment Patient Counseling Summary References

4. LYMPH SYSTEM The lymph system is a part of immune system, which helps to fight against infections, some other diseases and also helps to control the flow of fluids in the body. The lymph system is made up mainly of cells called  lymphocytes , a type of white blood cell. Th B lymphocytes (B cells):   B cells make proteins called  antibodies  to help protect the body from germs (bacteria and viruses). T lymphocytes (T cells):   There are many types of T cells. Some T cells destroy germs or abnormal cells in the body. Other T cells help boost or slow the activity of other immune system cells.

5. TYPES OF LYMPHOMA

6. HODGKIN LYMPHOMA Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cells called lymphocytes. Its also known as Hodgkin malignant neoplastic disease (HL) . It have an effect on folks of any age, however is most typical in folks between twenty and forty years and people over 55.

7. CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is any type of lymphoma that contains a particular type of cell called a Reed–Sternberg cell. Reed–Sternberg cells are abnormal B lymphocytes

8. STAGES OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

9. SYMPTOMS Signs and symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma may include: Painless swelling of lymph nodes in your neck, armpits or groin Persistent fatigue Fever Night sweats Unexplained weight loss Severe itching Increased sensitivity to the effects of alcohol or pain in your lymph nodes after drinking alcohol

10. VICTIMS OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA Hodgkin lymphoma can develop at any age, but it mostly affects young adults in their early 20s and older adults over the age of 70. Slightly more men than women are affected. Around 2,100 people are diagnose with Hodgkin lymphoma in the UK each year.

11. SURVIVAL RATIO OF VICTIMS The five-year survival rate is about 86 percent. The 10-year survival rate is about 80 percent. The following are the five-year survival rates for the different stages: Stage 1 HD is about 90 percent. Stage 2 HD is about 90 percent. Stage 3 HD is about 80 percent. Stage 4 HD is about 65 percent.

12. DIAGNOSES OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA To diagnose HD, your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask you about your medical history. Your doctor will also order certain tests so they can make a proper diagnosis. The following tests may be: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Lactate dehydrogenase Serum creatinine Alkaline phosphatase

13. A test for HIV is important Serum levels of cytokines Imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans Lymph node biopsy Bone marrow biopsy Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) Immuno-phenotyping to determine the type of lymphoma cells that are present Lung function tests to determine how well your lungs are working An echocardiogram to determine how well your heart is working

14. TREATMENT General treatment principles include the following: Radiation therapy Induction chemotherapy Salvage chemotherapy Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

15. RISK OF TREATMENT Treatments for HD can have long-term side effects and can increase risk of developing other serious medical conditions. HD treatments may increase risk of Weakened immune system Second cancers Infertility Infections Thyroid problems Lung damage

16. PATIENT COUNSELING Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma should be counsel about the potential complications of therapy, including the risk of cardiac disease, lung toxicity, and secondary cancers. Patients should also be apprise of the potential loss of fertility that may arise from treatments Patients should understand the risk of psychosocial problems that may affect survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma. Consultations with social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists may be helpful .

17. SUMMARY Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer which can start from any lymphatic cell inside the body and can spread any where. So we will be careful about our diet and try our best to avoid exposure to radiations which can cause abnormal growth of cells.

18. REFERENCES www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003105-pdf.pdf www.lls.org/.../hodgkinlymphoma.pdf Cowan DH. Vera Peters and the curability of Hodgkin disease. Current Oncology. 2008; 15(5): 206-210. Hodgkin T. On Some Morbid Appearances of the absorbent glands and spleen. 1832. Swerdlow SH, et al. WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. In: World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. Lyon, France: IARC; 2017. Hoarder N, Noon AM, Krypto, et al, eds. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2010, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2010/, based on November 2012 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2013