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1. CHAPTER 1 : THE STUDY OF RIZAL IN HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL APPROACH Aira Jane Maramba , LPT Instructor

2. WHY STUDY RIZAL? BECAUSE IT IS MANDATED BY LAW The teaching of Jose Rizal’s life, works, and writings is mandated by Republic Act 1425, otherwise known as the Rizal Law. Senator Jose P. Laurel, the person who sponsored the said law, said that since Rizal was the founder of Philippine nationalism and has contributed much to the current standing of this nation, it is only right that the youth as well as all the people in the country know about and learn to imbibe the great ideals for which he died .

3. Authored by Senator Claro M. Recto and was signed by the President on June 12, 1956, made effective on August 16, 1956 according to the Official Gazette. Fidel Ramos directed CHEd and DECS to fully implement the law through CMO No. 247 in 1994

4. The Rizal Law, enacted in 1956, seeks to accomplish the following goals: To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes lived and died To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino character To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of Rizal’s life, works, and writings.

5. BECAUSE OF THE LESSONS CONTAINED WITHIN THE COURSE Aside from those mentioned above, there are other reasons for teaching the Rizal course in Philippine schools: To recognize the importance of Rizal’s ideals and teachings in relation to present conditions and situations in the society. To encourage the application of such ideals in current social and personal problems and issues. To develop an appreciation and deeper understanding of all that Rizal fought and died for. To foster the development of the Filipino youth in all aspects of citizenship.

6. Significance of R.A. 1425 It provides insights on how to deal with current problems It helps to understand better ourselves as Filipinos It teaches nationalism It provides various essential life lessons It serves as a worthwhile inspiration to every Filipino

7. Rizal: Human and Hero We must view Rizal as an evolving personality within an evolving historical period. To be able to appreciate a hero for that matter, we must be able to learn more about him – not merely his acts but the thoughts behind his acts, his reasons, the situation he found himself in as well as his motivations . However it has been observed that in studying Rizal, Filipinos seem to portray him as somewhat of a God. “If Rizal is treated like God, he becomes unattainable and his accomplishments inhuman.” ( Cristobal, 2004 ) To study Rizal deeper means seeing him as he truly was – compassionate, nationalistic, intelligent, courageous, but also, short-tempered, womanizer, which only show his being human.

8. Rizal: An example of Sacrifice Our national hero was a man of peace with a vision. Rizal suffered as much as his countrymen. He was the spark that gave birth to Philippine pride for one’s country and people. Yet all he wanted for his people was that they educate themselves so that they could stand as free men and face the world with head held high . “Whatever our condition might be then, let us love our country always and let us wish nothing but her welfare. Thus, we shall labor in conformity with the purpose of humanity dictated by God which is the harmony and universal peace of His creations” - Letter of Rizal to Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt

9. Rizal Ideas: A Reply to the Challenges of our Millennium “Rizal ideas are responses in the challenges of the new millennium ” - Ambassador Edmundo Libid Jose Rizal is indeed pre-eminent among the national heroes of the Philippines, and is thus revered by the Filipino nation primarily because of his virtues of character which exemplify honesty, personal integrity, patriotism and civic responsibility, willingness to sacrifice for the cause of his native land, high sense of justice and family solidarity, and the other loftiest standard of truth with which he pursued the nobility of his cause to found and foster Filipino Nationhood.

10. Rizal's pre-eminence is derived from the very fact that he validated all his social and civic virtues , embodied in his noblest aspirations for his country and people, by consciously and clear-headedly accepting the ultimate sacrifice of death in the tragic field of Bagumbayan now called as the Luneta on December 30,1896 .

11. Rizal the man stands among those few that are companion to no particular epoch or continent, who belong to the world, and whose lives have a universal message. His field of action lay in the strife of politics and power, but these were not to his inclination. He shouldered his political burden solely in the cause of duty, a circumstance rendering him one of those figures rare in human affairs, a revolutionary without hatred, and a leader without worldly ambition. Where his true inclination lay is finely demonstrated in his life by the fact that his works in science, history, and literature, and his profession as an ophthalmic surgeon, share a single, identical aim- to shed illumination and give sight to the blind.

12. Rizal's Virtues of Character Honesty ; Personal Integrity ; Patriotism ; Civic Responsibility ; Willingness to Sacrifice; High Sense of Justice; Family Solidarity Honesty; Personal Integrity Rizal’s honesty was the result of his constant love and search for the truth. Patriotism; Civic Responsibility Rizal’s courage in loving his country is virtue that is very relevant today. His moral courage to do only the best for his people is worth imitating Obeying the laws of the country; paying the taxes levied by the Government The youth nowadays have the courage to fight for what they believe is right. The young generation mostly use the social media platforms to voice out their opinions.

13. Rizal's Virtues of Character In this millennium, it is not outlandish to predict those basic values of human honor and dignity, the same aspirations for freedom and independence of peoples everywhere, the same natural desire for mutual respect, material well-being . In brief, the very values and virtues embodied in the spirit of RIZALISM will form the core humanity’s aspirations despite adjustments that must be accommodated by the new reality of evolved technology and scientific advances far superior than the knowledge in the previous millennium.

14. Rizal: A Modern Day According to Nick Joaquin, Rizal was greatly aggrieved by his physique. When Rizal was young, he was always teased by his sisters because of his frail body and often described as a very tiny child with a disproportionately big head that he carried even in his adulthood. When the young Rizal was in the early stages of adolescence, he strove to erase his puny image. He became interested in body-building and athletics but his feelings of inferiority had made an indelible mark on his soul. Rizal was forever haunted by a sense of inadequacy which explains his inability to sustain relationships with women and great dread for responsibility.

15. Rizal's inferiority complexes were not without positive side, however. It is his feelings of inn adequacy that made him dynamic and he continually looked for ways to be better than others. Jose Rizal's dynamism was what made him a jack of many talents, and a master of many trades. What he lacked in physique he compensated by excelling in many fields such as science, art, literature, among many others. Because of his insecurities, Rizal strove to overcome himself and rise above the others. Rizal's determination to excel in as many fields as possible was to show the world that he was capable, that he was as tall as the next man. He proved that he was very much taller by rising above himself.

16. SHORT QUIZ Click the link and answer the quiz https://forms.gle/o6XCTfKBKh1yjSDs8