Hot application.pptx

hot application in fundamental of nursing, include of definition,purpose,therapeutic effect,effect on physiology,and sencondery,procedure of appplying hot application on patient with the intervention

1. Hot application presented BY KOYEL THANDER 2ND PBBSC OF NHCON

2. Hot application Application of a hot agent , warmer than skin which may be applied in either moist or dry from on the surface of the body to produce local or general effect or both.

3. Purposes of hot application To relieve pain and stiffness of muscle spasm by relaxing muscles and increase blood flow to the area. To relieve swelling ( facililate wound healing). To relieve inflammation and congestion. To relieve stasis of blood. To increase absorption of inflammatory products. To increase blood circulation. To provide warmth to the body (to relieve chilling) and give comfort. ‘’’’’’

4. Physiological effect of hot application Peripheral vasodilation . Increased capillary permeability. Increased oxygen consumption. Increased local metabolism. Decreased blood viscosity. Decreased muscle tone. Increased blood flow.

5. Secondary effects of hot application With local heat application , the maximal increase in the circulation and tissue temperature occurs after 20-40 min of exposure . After this time ,the heat application must be discontinued and recovery time of one hour allowed otherwise secondary effect will take place.

6. Therapeutic uses of local hot application Heat decrease pain: Heat application stimulates the thermo receptors of skin and black transmission of pain receptors . It has very soothing effect on muscles promote blood circulation by dilating blood vessel. Promotes comfort: by providing oxygen and nutrients to cell having accelerated rate. Reducing edema : Through vasodilation blood flow is increased to area , helps in flow of fluid from intracellular space to intra vascular space with this ,fluid amounts decrease to normal level gradually in the intercellular space.

7. Contd : H ot application Vasodilation Blood flow –removes waste products Shifting of fluid from intercellular to intravascular space Less fluid in intercellular space edema

8. contd : Heat promotes healing : increased blood flow enhances oxygen supply leukocytes antibodies and nutrients , helps in healing. Increased circulation, stimulates formation of new tissue ,increased blood flow removes waste products from increased cellular activity. Heat promotes suppuration: heat stimulates circulation and there by increase action of phagocytic cells that ingest moisture and other foreign material and promotes suppuration. Heat relieves deep congestion: vasodilation of the skin reduces the blood supply to the deeper viscera and relieve the deep congestion.

9. Contd : Heat softens the exudates: moist heat in the form of hot compress softnes the exudates and removes the crust formation. Heat provides warmth : heat is transferred to the body tissue by conduction convection and radiation. Heat stimulates peristalsis : heat is the form of a hot drink ,hot enema etc .stimulates the peristalsis by producing vascular changes in the intestines.

10. Precautionary measure to be taken for hot application: Always be alert while applying hot application as heat is potential source of tissue damage leakage of hot fluid from bottle packs may cause skin burn . Moist heat is causes more burn than dry as water is good conductor. Nurse must be alert for observing the client. Hot application increases cellular activity should never be applied on area with malignant cell mass. Amount of heat to be applied varies from person to person while applying heat , nurse must consider the age ,medical problem and comfort level of client.

11. Medical problem: Client with circulatory problem— Check the temperature of hot application frequently , to guard against inadequate or excessive heat. Always cover the hot packs with clothes as it protect the client skin from burns or discomfort. Collect the subjective as well as objective information to detect the possibility of excessive heat or burning as well as inadequate heat.

12. Contd : Monitor the signs of burning like pain, extreme redness. Never forget to explain the procedure as well as rationale to client keeping in mind educational and learning needs. Always keep in mind the malfunctioning or in accurancy of the mechanical equipment used for hot application . Thus ,assessment plays an important role to detect my fault.

13. Contraindication of hot application Malignancy :`heat increases metabolism of cells and may deteriorate condition of client with malignancy. Impaired renal cardiac and lung functions : as hot application enhances vasodilation of cutaneous vessels , blood supply to vital organs may be affected. Acute inflamed area such as acute appendicitis , tooth abscess heat may rupture it and spread the infection to surrounding tissue . Never apply heat over the open wounds because it may causes bleeding. Application of heat for headache increased discomfort because of vasodilating effect. Never apply heat to client with pyrexia .

14. Contd : Hot application may enhance edema associated with venous or lymphatic d isease. Heat should not applied on clients with paralysis , weak and debilirated clients because they have impaired perception and they may not be able to respond to hot applications and resulting in burns. Heat should not be applied on clients with metabolic disorders because of the increased hazards of tissue damage eg -DM It should not be applied for very young and very old people because of risk of tissue.

15. Classification of hot application

16. Preparation of the client care Identify the client and explain the procedure to the client to win the confidence and co-operation. Provide privacy if needed. Drape the part according to need and expose only the part that needs treatment. Prevent draughts provide warmth by covering all non treatments areas with both blanket or bed covers. Place the client in a comfortable position.

17. LOCAl dry heat application : application of hot water bottle Equipment Articles purpose Hot water bag (1) Jug (1) To take hot water Duster (1) To wipe the outside of the jug Towel (1) To insulate the hot water bag from the heat loss Vasline or oil To apply on the skin ,if the skin is reddened Lotion thermometer (if possible) To check the temperature of the hot water

18. procedure Sl no steps rationale 01 Wash hands To prevent cross infection. 02 Screen the patient To maintain privacy. 03 Collect the supplies from the treatment room To economise time energy and material & organization. 04 Mix hot and cold water & check the temperature or keep the boiling still steam disappears. To prepare application with in the acceptable range convention. 05 Put some in to the hot water bottle and empty it To warm the hot water bottles so that very little heat is lost . Warm the rubber through the conduction and convection 06 Pour water to fill the ½-2/3 0f the capacity of hot bottle To avoid un necesarry weight on body part especially if applied on abdomen allows to mould over the body area to provide even heat

19. Sl no steps rationale 07 Expet the air placing bag over a flat surface cork it tightly Air in the bag will interference with the conduction of heat. 08 Dry outside of the bottle and hold the side down for checking leakage To prevent scalding of the patient . 09 Cover the bag with hot water bottle cover or other protector and apply to hot water bottle to prescribed area. Protect skin from direct contact with hot rubber. 10 Keep the bottle in place for about 20-30 min . changes its position as necessary. Maximum therapeutic effects from application of heat occurs with in 20-30 min .extended use of heat cause tissue congestion and vasodilation 11 Inspect the area occasionally for redness pain swelling Inspection and changing the position prevents burns.

20. After care of the clients and articles Remove the hot water bag when the treatment is completed. Dry the area if moist with perspiration. Position the patient client comfortably. Take all the articles to the utility room remove the cover of hot water bottle and put in the laundry bag . E mpty the bag wash the outside of the bag with soap and water . dry the bag inside by hanging it upside down.

21. Contd : When dried fill it with air and cork it . store it in its proper place . Replace all the articles. Wash hands. Record procedure with date and time ,the area or where it is applied ,the purpose of the application and reaction of any tim

22. Reference: A text book of “Fundamental of nursing” by ‘‘ Dr. s. Anuradha ’’ by vijayamma publication page no 7.24-7.33 Text book of “Fundamental of nursing” by Nancy 2 nd edition page no 72 -78