Surface Dyslexia
Surface Dyslexia and the dual route model of reading. Introduction: Dyslexia is the term used to
describe a cognitive disability in learning that affects reading, writing and communication despite an
average level of intelligence and an equal access to education. (Le Jan et al., 2010). Dyslexia is
commonly used as a blanket term that covers many smaller forms of cognitive impairment including
surface dyslexia, phonological dyslexia, hyperlexia, letter identification dyslexia and letter position
dyslexia. Most dyslexics suffer from multiple forms of these specific dyslexias and cases of pure
developmental dyslexia are quite rare. (Castles, Bates, Coltheart, 2006). In some cases dyslexia is
caused by brain damage, often related to strokes, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2014). The anatomical foundations of acquired reading disorders: A neuropsychological verification
of the dual route model of reading. Brain And Language, 134, 44 67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2014.04.001 Further Reading: Edwards, V. Hogben, J. (1999). New
Norms for Comparing Children s Lexical and Nonlexical Reading: A Further Look at Subtyping
Dyslexia. Australian Journal Of Psychology, 51(1), 37 49.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049539908255333 Gersons Wolfensberger, D. Ruijssenaars, W. (1997).
Definition and Treatment of Dyslexia: A Report by the Committee on Dyslexia of the Health Council
of the Netherlands. Journal Of Learning Disabilities, 30(2), 209 213.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002221949703000208 Grainger, J., Lété, B., Bertand, D., Dufau, S., Ziegler,
J. (2012). Evidence for multiple routes in learning to read. Cognition, 123(2), 280 292.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.01.003 Shaywitz, S. Shaywitz, B. (2005). Dyslexia
(Specific Reading Disability). Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1301 1309.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.043 Tunmer, W. Greaney, K. (2009). Defining Dyslexia.
Journal Of Learning Disabilities, 43(3), 229 243.
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