HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY - excretory system.pptx

This is the presentation for the teachers teaching human physiology for under graduates and post graduates of degree in Zoology.

1. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Dr. Nagabhushan Charantimath M.Sc., B.Ed., Ph.D ASSISTANT PROFESSOR EXCRETION: Organs, physiology, disorders & dialysis DEPT OF STUDIES IN ZOOLOGY, VSK UNIVERSITY, BALLARI, Karnataka, INDIA

2. Excretion Human excretion is the process of eliminating waste products from the body. This vital function involves multiple organs and systems, such as the kidneys, urinary system, lungs, GIT and skin . Understanding human excretion is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.

3. THE kidneys 3

4. Anatomy and function of the kidneys Anatomy of the Kidneys The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdominal cavity. They are protected by the lower ribcage and are positioned symmetrically on either side of the spine. Each kidney is composed of several parts, including the renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, and nephrons, which are the functional units responsible for urine formation. Function of the Kidneys The primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, producing urine as a result. They also play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and red blood cell production. The kidneys are vital for maintaining overall bodily homeostasis and are responsible for filtering approximately 120-150 quarts of blood daily .

5. THE kidneys Dr. Nagabhushan CM 5

6. THE nephrons Dr. Nagabhushan CM 6

7. THE nephrons Dr. Nagabhushan CM 7 MC, PCT, HL, DCT,CD

8. The Process of Urine Formation 1 Ultra Filtration The first step in urine formation involves the filtration of blood through the glomerulus in the kidney, separating waste products from essential substances. 2 Selective Reabsorption After filtration, the renal tubules reabsorb essential substances like water, glucose, and amino acids back into the bloodstream. 3 Tubular Secretion Additional waste products, such as hydrogen ions and certain drugs, are actively secreted into the filtrate to be excreted as urine.

9. THE URINE FORMATION Dr. Nagabhushan CM 9

10. MICTURITION 10

11. HORMONES Dr. Nagabhushan CM 11

12. RENAL FAILURE Dr. Nagabhushan CM 12 Glomerulonephritis , Nephrotic syndrome, Diabetic nephropathy, Acute renal failure, Chronic renal failure, Congenital disorders, Renal calculus, Tumours of the kidney, UTI, Urinary incontinence etc.

13. RENAL FAILURE Dr. Nagabhushan CM 13

14. Common Renal Disorders and Diseases Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Progressive loss of kidney function over time, often caused by diabetes or high blood pressure. Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the glomeruli, leading to blood or protein in the urine and impaired kidney function. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) A genetic disorder causing clusters of cysts to develop within the kidneys, leading to kidney enlargement and impaired function. Nephrotic Syndrome A group of symptoms including proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, often caused by damage to the filters in the kidneys.

15. Acute Renal Failure: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Causes: Sudden drop in blood flow, severe dehydration, urinary tract obstruction Symptoms: Decreased urine output, fluid retention, confusion, nausea Treatment: Addressing the underlying cause, optimizing fluid and electrolyte balance, dialysis if necessary

16. Chronic renal failure: causes, symptoms and treatment 1 Causes High blood pressure, diabetes, and glomerulonephritis 2 Symptoms Fatigue, swelling, and decreased urine output 3 Treatment Medication, dialysis, and kidney transplant

17. Kidney Stones: Formation, Symptoms, and Treatment Formation of Kidney Stones Kidney stones form when certain substances in the urine become highly concentrated, leading to crystallization and stone formation in the kidneys. Symptoms The symptoms of kidney stones may include severe pain in the back or side, blood in the urine, and frequent urination. Treatment Treatment for kidney stones depends on the size and location of the stone and may involve pain management, hydration, or surgical intervention.

18. Dialysis AND artificial kidney Dr. Nagabhushan CM 18 Dialysis is the procedure to remove waste materials and toxic substances and to restore normal volume and composition of body fluid in severe renal failure. ( hemodialysis .)

19. Dialysis AND artificial kidney 19 (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis)

20. 20 THANK YOU Copyright free images, Google, Tina Sanders book of Physiology, Ross and Williams Medical book on human Physiology, Gamma with AI Acknowledgement Dr. Nagabhushan Charantimath M.Sc., B.Ed., Ph.D Assistant Professor, DoS in Zoology, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, BALLARI, Karnataka, INDIA