Human reproduction In human beings part 1

Explanation and parts of human reproduction

1. HUMAN
REPRODUCTION
PRESENTATION BY LATAKGOMO TR
UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESTURG

2. REMEMBER!!
“SO God created
man in his own
image in the
image of god he
created him; male
and female he
created them
GENESIS 1:27
Human Reproduction:The act whereby new
members of the human species come into
being as a result of gamete fusion (between
the sperm and the egg) leading to
fertilization, embryonic
developmentandbirth.

3. TYPES OF
REPRODUCTION

4. We will consider sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction creates offspring by mixing together genetic
materials of two parents of different sexes
Is the common method of most organisms (the majority of animal life,
including plants and the eukaryotes), to make the next generation
The information that is transferred by both parents is held in structures
known as chromosomes . These chromosome are stored in special
reproductive cells called gametes (such as sperm or egg cell)

5. In females this
gametes are
called eggs
In male the
gametes are
sperm

6. MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
MAJOR PARTS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
•Testes (Testicles) -Function
:Cheetahs produce sperm and
testosterone (male sex
hormone).
-Location: Hangs in the
scrotum(keeps testes
cooler in order to produce
sperms).
2. Epididymis : Matures
and stores the sperm
following productions.
3. Vas Deferens : A
muscular tube used to
channel sperm to the
urethra at the time of
ejaculation.
4. Accessory Glands
Seminal Vesicles, Prostate,
Bulbourethral Glands
Function:Semen (rectify
that nourishes and
protects the sperm).
5. Penis & Urethra -:
Sees to it that sperm come
out of the body during
ejaculation --

7. Spermatogenesis
& Fertilization
The Production of Sperms ( Spermatogenesis ) It takes
place in the seminiferous tubules (in testes). It requires
about ~74 days to make mature sperm.
The pathway of sperm during Ejaculation: Testes
Transferring –Epididymis-Vas Deferens-Urethra-Out of the
body.
Hormones Involved: Testosterone (testes) -maintains the
sperm production and male traits. FSH LH (brain) -
Prompt testes to develop sperm + testosterone.
Fertilization Requirement: Pregnancy needs healthy
sperm to access the female egg.
The Most Common Problems that Effect Male Fertility:Low
transportation of sperm amount, blockades, diseases,
hormonaldisorders.

8. FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
OVARIES-Produce eggs(ova
)and hormones
(oestrogen,progesterone)
FALLOPIAN TUBE-Pathway for
eggs to reach the uterus
,fertilization occur here
UTERUS-Houses and nourishes a
developing fetus
CERVIX-Lower neck of uterus
,connect uterus to vagina
VAGINA-Birth canal ;receives
sperm during intercourse

9. EGG PRODUCTION ,CYCLE
&RECEPTION
OVARIAN CYCLE
FOLLICULAR PHASE: The increase of FSH leads to
development of follicles which increases
oestrogen.(1-14 days)
OVULATION:LH peak release second oocyte (day 14)
LUTEAL PHASE : Occur after ovulation and before
menstruation it have average duration of 12-16 days
in most women . After the egg is released the
graafian follicle collapse . Through the process of
luteinization corpus luteum is formed which’s function
is to secrete hormone
At the end if there is fate of corpus luteum means no
pregnancy and if the corpus luteum is rescued
pregnancy occur.
oogenesis -The formation of the suspensions of
haploid ova in the ovaries. It starts before birth
and excludes as long as it is not fertilized .
Hormone regulation:
Follicular development-FSH ,Ovulation/corpus
luteum(Marieb&Hoehn,2019)

10. FERTILIZATION

11. FERTILIZATION IN HUMAN BEING
Fertilization is the fusion
of haploid games
(sperm+egg) to form a
diploid zygote restoring
species chromosome
number (e.g46 in
humans)
(Openstax,2018)
EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION
The fusion of gametes occur outside of the parental
bodies usually in water
KEY FEATURES
-Bay –water(e.goceans ,ponds)
GAMETE RELEASE :
Mass spawning (e.gfish ,corals)
No parent contact is needed
Examples-fish(salmon), amphibians (frogs)
LIMITATIONS
Exposed to predators ,environmental change
-the poor rate of offspring survival

12. INTERNAL
FERTILIZATION
Internal fertilization is a type of fertilization within the
gametes in the family reproductive tract
The male deposit sperm directly into the female
reproductive tract which usually require copulation
.
For fertilization to occur the sperm swim through the
female reproductive tract to reach the egg usually
within the uterus.Only one sperm cell gets into the
outer layer of the egg then merges with the egg
and zygote (fertilized egg)is obtained.

13. PREGNANCY
Pregnancy is the presence of a developing
offspring in the uterus.
It consist of three periods/trimesters where each is
3 months long

14. THE THREE STAGES OF PREGNANCY
The third trimester takes place between weeks 27 and birth .Is the time for last grow and getting ready
for delivery. As the birth date arrive the baby usually turns to cephalic which makes the mother feel
she is about to give birth.
The second trimester-week 13 -26 are the most comfortable weeks .The baby continue growing and
develop clear features ,fingertips ,to hear and move.At this stage you can determine the sex of the
baby.
The first trimester –span from conception to week 12 .In this period fertilized egg attach to the wall of
the womb and the main body organs of the baby and the system start developing .At the end of this
period we have the foetus with beating heart .

15. EMBRYO
DEVELOPMENT

16. REFERENCE LIST
ARTICLES
Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2019). Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th ed.). Pearson. (Covers ovarian/uterine cycles, hormone
actions,CLfunction).
OpenStax. (2018). Biology. OpenStax
FROM SLIDE SHARE AND PINTEREST
 Bacongallosharmain(2021) Human reproduction grade 10.Available from slide share at
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/reproductive-system-for-grade-10-copy-pptx/282368789?from_search=40
 Heba Soffar(2021) Importance of reproduction, Gametes formation, Fertilization, Sexual and Asexual reproduction.
Available from slide share at https://www.online-sciences.com/biology/importance-of-reproduction-gametes-formation-
fertilization-sexual-asexual-reproduction/(accessed 25 October 2024)
 https://za.pinterest.com/pin/333336809938565012/
 Razi Brown (2020) Spermatogenesis Process, Stages, Duration and Diagrams.Availlableat
https://www.jotscroll.com/forums/11/posts/280/spermatogenesis-stages-process-duration-diagram.html
 1957Hamlet( 2018).Available at slide share https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/chapter-23-pregnancy-growth-and-
development-8713270/8713270
 https://za.pinterest.com/pin/6192518230807229/

17. THANK YOU