Humans-and-Their-Society Grade 12 (1).pdf

This is a summary of introduction of the humans and their society

1. Humans and Their Society
In our modern era, scientific development and technological innovation
dominate our focus. While these contributions are necessary, we risk losing
personal and spiritual connections with others, our environment, and the
divine.
This exploration reveals how our complex modern society evolved from simple
beginnings, examining the transformation between individuals and the
societies they create.

2. The Digital Revolution's
Double Edge
Technological Progress
Internet enables fast information
transfer. Portable computers
allow business anywhere,
transforming how we work and
communicate.
Social Media Impact
Excessive exposure may lead to
depression. Comparing idealized
posts makes us feel less attractive
and insecure about our status.
The Comparison Trap
We measure worth by "likes" generated, leaving us dissatisfied. Online
personas often mask our genuine uniqueness.

3. Nurture Real
Connections
"Do not limit interactions online. Nurture physical interaction with friends
and family because that is what life is about."
Kierkegaard warned that we become either genuine individuals or fakes. In
our land of increasing uniformity, genuine individuals become fewer as
idealism erodes and authenticity becomes rare.

4. The Medieval Foundation
1AD 476 - Fall of Rome
Emperor Romulus Augustulus overthrown by barbarian
leader Odoacer, marking the beginning of the Middle
Ages.
2 Feudal Society
Peasants worked land plots, giving harvest portions to
lords in exchange for protection and access to land.
3Faith and Reason Unity
Faith and reason were complementary, not
contradictory. Religion was superior, with reason
supporting faith's validity.4 1300-1517 - Medieval End
Period concluded with Renaissance, Reformation, or
Constantinople's fall, transitioning to modern thought.

5. The Modern Period
Emerges
Modern philosophy emerged as an attack on the Middle Ages, rejecting the
"Dark Ages" of Europe. Revolutionary discoveries transformed human
understanding forever.
Geographic Revolution
Christopher Columbus landed in the New World, altering geography and
world politics permanently.
Religious Reformation
Martin Luther nailed his theses at Wittenberg, initiating centuries of
sociopolitical upheaval and Protestant capitalism.
Scientific Discovery
Tycho Brahe and others revolutionized astronomy, shifting from superstition
to empirical explanations of the world.

6. Colonial Impact on Filipino Society
Spanish Colonization Effects
Spanish arrival forced Filipino women to suppress emotions and denied them
political and educational rights. Women became second-rate citizens,
accepting their conquerors' norms.
However, Filipino women eventually transcended social restrictions, unifying
to contribute to nationalism and independence movements.

7. Renaissance: Harmony in
Human Form
Leadership in art and literature peaked during the Renaissance. European
philosophers turned from superstition to empirical explanations, with
Leonardo da Vinci illustrating perfect bodily harmony.
"As God's perfect creation, there is harmony in our bodily structure.
Leonardo's Vitruvian Man illustrates that a well-built human fits perfectly
into a circle and a square."
Experimentation, observation, and mathematics set new standards for
philosophical inquiry, influencing modern scientific thought.

8. The Age of Rationalism
01
15th-18th Century
Rationalism
Descartes, Hobbes, and Bacon
promoted reason to understand the
world, superseding religious and
superstitious explanations.
02
Age of Naturalism
Deism emerged - God as great
clockmaker who created perfect
mechanisms but doesn't intervene
further in natural laws.
03
Empiricism Era
John Locke and Hume studied the human mind's wondrous nature, turning
curiosity toward consciousness mechanisms.

9. Kant's Revolutionary Synthesis
The Problem of Consciousness
Where is the mechanism of consciousness? What is the real
substance of consciousness? How does knowledge work? What is
man's moral nature and freedom?
Kant's Solution
Truth isn't just from senses - the mind's spirit expresses itself in
truth. Humankind shapes the physical world according to how
our mind works.
For Kant, our ideas, wisdom, creativity and intellect are the life of the body and nature, but our real spirit lies in vision,
dreams, fears, and aspirations.

10. The Copernican Revolution
The Copernican revolution represents a questioning attitude toward
established authority and spirit of independence - refusing to be bound by
tradition alone.
Scientific Method
Acceptance only of beliefs based
on observation, logic, and
evidence.
New Standards
Search for new standards of truth
and foundations of independent
science.
Critical Spirit
Critical, searching, rebellious spirit that remains open-minded yet self-
assured.
This enthusiasm for new science created universal, eternal knowledge - the
foundation of modern rational philosophy and scientific precision.