Humerus _presented by Vadamodula Bhanu_pdf

“Humerus Bone – Anatomy, Attachments & Clinical Insights | MBBS/BHMS Friendly PPT”

Description:
Explore the Humerus, the longest bone of the upper limb, in a visually engaging and medically accurate PowerPoint presentation designed for MBBS, BHMS, BPT, and Nursing students. This detailed slide deck breaks down the humerus into slide-wise simplified concepts including:

Anatomical features (head, shaft, lower end)

Important attachments with labeled diagrams

Side determination and ossification timeline

Clinical anatomy and nerve relations

Flowcharts and 3D illustrations to enhance retention


What you'll gain by referring to this PPT:

Clear conceptual understanding of humerus anatomy

High-yield diagrams and memory hacks ideal for viva and written exams

Smart layout to help you prepare topper-style answers

Clinical correlations for real-life application in diagnosis and trauma

Easy revision tool with crisp bullet points and visuals


Perfect for students who want quick revision, effective exam prep, or an illustrative study resource. Whether you're a beginner or revising for exams, this presentation will help you visualize, remember, and apply anatomical knowledge better!

1. HUMERUS
HUMERUS


by Vadamodula Bhanu

2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb.
It connects the shoulder to the elbow, facilitating a wide range of arm
movements.
Understanding its anatomy is crucial for diagnosing and treating upper
limb injuries.

3. SIDE DETERMINATIONSIDE DETERMINATION
Head is directed medially, upwards, and
backwards.
Lesser tubercle projects anteriorly.
Capitulum is lateral; trochlea is medial.

4. UPPER END ANATOMYUPPER END ANATOMY
Head: Articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
Anatomical Neck: Separates the head from the tubercles.
Greater Tubercle: Lateral projection with three facets for
muscle attachment.
Lesser Tubercle: Anterior projection for subscapularis
insertion.
Intertubercular Sulcus: Groove between tubercles housing
the biceps tendon.
Surgical Neck: Common fracture site below the tubercles.

5. SHAFT ANATOMYSHAFT ANATOMY
Shape: Cylindrical proximally, triangular distally.
Borders: Anterior, medial, and lateral.
Surfaces: Anterolateral, anteromedial, and posterior.
Notable Features:
Deltoid Tuberosity: Lateral surface for deltoid muscle
insertion.
Radial Groove: Posterior surface accommodating the radial
nerve.

6. LOWER END ANATOMYLOWER END ANATOMY
Articular Structures:
Capitulum: Lateral, articulates with the radius.
Trochlea: Medial, articulates with the ulna.
Non-Articular Structures:
Medial Epicondyle: Prominent, attachment for forearm flexors.
Lateral Epicondyle: Smaller, attachment for forearm extensors.
Fossae:
Coronoid Fossa: Receives ulna during flexion.
Radial Fossa: Receives radius during flexion.
Olecranon Fossa: Receives ulna during extension.

8. MUSCLE ATTACHMENTSMUSCLE ATTACHMENTS
Upper End:
Supraspinatus → Greater tubercle
(superior facet).
Infraspinatus → Greater tubercle (middle
facet).
Teres Minor → Greater tubercle (inferior
facet).
Subscapularis → Lesser tubercle.
Shaft:
Deltoid → Deltoid tuberosity.
Coracobrachialis → Medial border.
Brachialis → Anterior surface.
Triceps Brachii → Posterior surface.
Lower End:
Flexor muscles → Medial epicondyle.
Extensor muscles → Lateral epicondyle.

10. NERVE RELATIONNERVE RELATION
The humerus is related to three key nerves:
The axillary nerve winds around the surgical neck
The radial nerve passes through the radial groove
The ulnar nerve runs behind the medial epicondyle
These areas are clinically important because nerve injuries
often occur during fractures."

11. OSSIFICATION CENTERSOSSIFICATION CENTERS
Primary Center: Shaft (8th week of fetal life).
Secondary Centers:
Head: Appears at 1 year.
Greater Tubercle: Appears at 2 years.
Lesser Tubercle: Appears at 5 years.
Capitulum: Appears at 1 year.
Trochlea: Appears at 9 years.
Medial Epicondyle: Appears at 4-6 years.
Lateral Epicondyle: Appears at 12 years
Fusion Timeline: Complete by 20 years of age.

12. CLINICAL ANATOMYCLINICAL ANATOMY
Common Fracture Sites:
Surgical neck → Risk to axillary nerve.
Mid-shaft → Risk to radial nerve.
Supracondylar region → Common in children; risk to
median nerve and brachial artery.
Dislocations:
Anterior dislocation of the head is most common.
Carrying Angle:
Formed by the trochlea's projection; important in
clinical

13. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
The humerus is a vital long bone of the upper limb, forming key
joints at the shoulder and elbow. Its distinct anatomical
features—including the head, tubercles, shaft, and condyles—
support a wide range of muscle attachments and complex
movements. Understanding the ossification timeline, nerve
relations, and clinical relevance (like common fractures and
dislocations) is essential for medical students and healthcare
professionals. A thorough knowledge of the humerus not only
strengthens anatomical foundation but also enhances
diagnostic and surgical decision-making in upper limb injuries.

14. REFERENCEREFERENCE
Singh, V. (2020). Textbook of anatomy: Upper limb and
thorax, vol 1, 3rd updated edition, eBook (3rd ed.). Elsevier.
Chaurasia, B. D. (2016). B.D.chaurasia’s human anatomy :
Regional and applied dissection and clinical volome 1 : Upper
limb and thorax with CD & wall chart. CBS Publishers &
Distributors.
Note: All diagrams in this presentation are hand-drawn by
the presenter, based on illustrations and content from the
above reference textbooks.

15. THANK YOUTHANK YOU