Hydrogen spectrum

spectral series of hydrogen

1. Hydrogen Spectrum
Chapter # 2
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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2. Spectrum
White light is made up of all
the colors of the visible
spectrum.
Passing it through a
prism separates it.
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3. If the Light is not white
By heating a gas or with
electricity we can get it to
give off colors.
Passing this light through a
prism does something
different.
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4. Hydrogen
Gas
Prism
White Light
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5. Atomic Spectrum –Finger
Prints of an Atom
Each element gives
off its own
characteristic
colors.
Can be used to
identify the atom.
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6. Atomic Spectrum –Finger
Prints of an Atom
These are called
line emission
spectra
The light is emitted
given off
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7. Hydrogen Spectral Lines
Bohr calculated the energy, frequency and wave
number of the spectral emission lines for
hydrogen atom.
The wave number of different spectral lines can
be calculated corresponding the values of n
1
and n
2.
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8. Bohr’s Explanation for
Hydrogen Spectrum
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When current is passed through Hydrogen gas in
the discharge tube at low pressure, the
molecules of Hydrogen break in to atoms.
These atoms absorbs energy from electric spark.
Electrical Discharge
H
2
(gas)
2 H
(atoms)Low Pressure

9. e
Ground State
(Low Energy)
Excited State
(High Energy)
Energy In
The electrons of
Hydrogen atoms are
excited to high energy
levels.
The higher energy
orbits to which electron
migrate depend upon
the amount of energy
absorbed by the
electron.
e
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10. e
Ground State
(Low Energy)
Excited State
(High Energy)
Photon
out
These excited electrons
being unstable come back
to one of the lower energy
level.
The electron may come to
the lowest energy levels.
In this way they emit
energy they had absorbed.
Photon
out
e
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11. Prepared By: Sidra Javed

12. Wave number of spectral
lines
Different spectral series are produced
depending upon the excited and ground
energy level of electron.
Wave number of these spectral lines can be
calculated by Bohr’s equation.
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13. Prepared By: Sidra Javed

14. Lymen Series
The spectral lines in Lymen Series are explained
by considering that the electron falls back to
n=1 from higher levels,...4,3,2
where,
1
1
1
1009678.1
2
2
2
2
7










n
n

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15. Lymen Series
(Ultra-violet Region)
n=7
n=5
n=6
n=4
n=3
n=2
n=1
n=∞
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2
1
1
1
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1060.97
3
1
1
1
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3,1 : LineSecond
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1070.102
4
1
1
1
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4,1 : LineThird
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m
nn
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22
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1009678.1
1
1
1
1009678.1
,1 : LineLimiting
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







m
nn


16. BalmerSeries
In this series the electrons falls back to n=2,...6,5,4,3
where,
1
2
1
1009678.1
2
2
2
2
7










n
n

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17. BalmerSeries
(Visible Region)
n=7
n=5
n=6
n=4
n=3
n=2
n=1
n=∞
Hα
Hβ
Hγ
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15
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1
2
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m
nn

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10566.20
4
1
2
1
1009678.1
4,2 : Line)(H LineSecond
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nn
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1
2
1
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nn
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10421.27
1
2
1
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,2 : LineLimiting
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
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m
nn


18. PaschenSeries
In this series the electrons falls back to n=3,...7,6,5,4
where,
1
3
1
1009678.1
2
2
2
2
7










n
n

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19. PaschenSeries
(Infra Red Region)
n=7
n=5
n=6
n=4
n=3
n=2
n=1
n=∞
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4,3 :First Line
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1099.7
5
1
3
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1009678.1
5,3 : LineSecond
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10187.12
1
3
1
1009678.1
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

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m
nn


20. Brackett Series
In this series the electrons falls back to n=4,...7,6,5
where,
1
4
1
1009678.1
2
2
2
2
7










n
n

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21. Brackett Series
n=7
n=5
n=6
n=4
n=3
n=2
n=1
n=∞
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1045.2
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1
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1
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4
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m
nn


22. PfundSeries
In this series the electrons falls back to n=5,...7,6
where,
1
5
1
1009678.1
2
2
2
2
7










n
n

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23. PfundSeries
n=7
n=5
n=6
n=4
n=3
n=2
n=1
n=∞
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1
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6,5 :First Line
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m
nn
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1
5
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7,5 : LineSecond
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nn
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5
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nn


24. Prepared By: Sidra Javed

25. The End
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