I.C. External and Internal Criticism; Repositories of Primary Sources, and Different Kinds of Primary Sources.pptx

Readings in Philippine History

1. External and Internal Criticism; Repositories of Primary Sources, & Different Kinds of Primary Sources GE 2 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY I. Definition, Sources and Methodology Pangasinan State University Urdaneta City Campus

2. Learning Objectives: Students will learn to differentiate between external and internal criticism techniques, enabling them to critically assess the reliability and context of primary sources. Students will develop the skill to navigate repositories of primary sources effectively. Through exposure to various types of primary sources, students will broaden their understanding of historical events, perspectives, and interpretations.

3. 3. The quality of being trusted and believed in 2. Account of the past of a person, or a group of people through written documents and historical evidence. 1. Considered as the raw materials of history 4. It includes examining the source’s physical appearance 5. A person who has the job of collecting and storing the materials in an archive Pretest: Fix Me MIRRYPA SSCOERU YORTSHI IIIRBDECYLT SCIIRAVTH LEEARXTN TIIICCSRM Direction: Arrange the scrambled letters to form the word that is being described.

4. 7. Deals with the credibility and reliability of the content of a source 6. Refers to the proven fact that something is legitimate or real 10. A building or room containing collections of books, periodicals, and sometimes films and recorded music for people to read, borrow, or refer to 8. A place, building, or receptacle where things are or may be stored 9. An object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest. HIAEIUTTTNYC EAITNLR CSTIIICRM TITAAFRC YTRROIOSEP IRRLBYA

5. Pretest: Fix Me Key Answers PRIMARY SOURCES HISTORY CREDIBILITY EXTERNAL CRITICISM ARCHIVIST AUTHENTICITY INTERNAL CRITICISM REPOSITORY ARTIFACT LIBRARY

6. External and Internal Criticism

7. Historical Method process of probing primary sources that will be used in writing history Importance of Internal & External Criticism Use of unverified, falsified, and untruthful historical sources can lead to equally false conclusions. Without thorough criticisms of historical evidences, historical deception and lies will be highly probable

8. Evaluation of Historical Sources Credibility – defined as the quality or power of inspiring belief Authenticity – refers to the proven fact that something is legitimate or real Provenance – refers to the source of information such as entities and procession involved in producing or delivering artifacts Historical Sources are original sources that contain important historical information

9. IT DETERMINES THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE SOURCE OR DOCUMENT BY EXAMINING ITS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, CONSISTENCY WITH THE HISTORICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIME WHEN IT WAS PRODUCED, AND THE MATERIAL USED OR THE EVIDENCE. External Criticism LOWER CRITICISM

10. EXAMPLES OF THINGS THAT WILL BE EXAMINED WHEN CONDUCTING EXTERNAL CRITICISM The quality of the paper The type of ink Language, grammar, and spelling Handwriting and presence of the creator’s signature

11. Internal Criticism HIGHER CRITICISM FOCUSES ON UNDERSTANDING THE SUBSTANCES AND MESSAGE THAT THE HISTORICAL MATERIAL WANTS TO CONVEY BY EXAMINING HOW THE AUTHOR FRAMED THE INTENT AND MEANING OF A COMPOSED MATERIAL.

12. EXAMPLES OF THINGS THAT WILL BE EXAMINED WHEN CONDUCTING INTERNAL CRITICISM

13. Repositories of Primary Sources

14. 1 National Library established by the government of a country to serve as the preeminent repository of information for that country. Collect published materials, including books, periodicals, and more. NATIONAL LIBRARY OF THE PHILIPPINES Iestablished as the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas through the royal decree of August 12, 1887. repository of the printed and recorded cultural heritage of the country and other intellectual, literary resources and information sources.

15. 2 National Archives They focus on official government records and serve as custodians of these documents. Primarily prioritize the preservation of historical records since materials in an archive are often unique, specialized, or rare objects. NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHILIPPINES Its main responsibility is to preserve the primary sources of information on Philippine history, the basic components of cultural heritage and collective memory. Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898) established the Office of Archives, formerly Spanish Division of Archives. National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2007 (R.A. 9470)

16. 3 ·Asian Institute of Management ·Ateneo de Manila University ·De La Salle University ·University of Asia and the Pacific ·University of the Philippines Diliman ·University of the Philippines Los Banos ·University of the Philippines Manila University of Santo Tomas Espana, Manila Academic Institutions entities, such as a university or college, that runs independently from other like entities and has its own set of rules and business processes.

17. 4 Religious Congregations groups of men or women who have chosen to express their Christian commitment by living in community and taking lifelong vows - usually vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. 5 Privately owned museums and archives under the care of private ownership Examples: ·Ayala museum & Lopez Memorial Museum and Library

18. Kinds of Primary Sources

19. personal letters, autobiographies, diaries, journals, wills, books, government documents, literature of all kinds, laws, and court decisions. TEXT

20. these capture moments in time and can provide evidence of changes over time. IMAGES death march. first republic day

21. painting, sculpture, print, or any original artistic piece human-made or human-designed objects. ARTWORK/ARTIFACTS spoliarium sandugo

22. include religious sermons, theatrical performances, songs and music, interviews, as well as oral story telling traditions AUDIO/VISUAL

23. Summary In studying history, evaluating the credibility, authenticity, and origin of historical sources is crucial. External and internal criticism are two methods used for this purpose. External criticism focuses on the physical characteristics and origin of the source, while internal criticism assesses the reliability of the content. Repositories play a vital role in preserving and providing access to primary sources. These institutions include national libraries, national archives, universities, religious organizations, and private museums and archives. Primary sources come in various forms, including texts, images, artifacts or artwork, and audiovisual materials. These diverse types of sources provide valuable insights into the past and allow researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of history.

24. 1.Which of the following best defines external criticism? a. Analyzing the source's intentions of the author. b. Examining the source's physical condition and authenticity. c. Assessing the source's impact on historical events. 2.Which of the following is an example of internal criticism? a. Analyzing the biases of the source's author. b. Investigating the secondary sources. c. Assessing the source's physical condition. Post Test: Choose Me A. Direction: Choose the correct option for each multiple-choice question below.

25. 3.Why are repositories significant in studying history? a. They provide coffee shops for researchers. b. They house primary source materials for preservation and access. c. They publish historical research papers. 4.What is the historical value of a personal diary as a primary source? a. It provides a comprehensive overview of the country’s historical events. b. It offers insights into the thoughts and experiences of an individual during a specific period. c. It offers a critical evaluation of secondary sources. Post Test: Choose Me A. Direction: Choose the correct option for each multiple-choice question below.

26. 5.How does a photograph typically contribute to our understanding of the past? a. It provides a detailed written account of historical events. b. It captures visual representations of people, places, and events. c. It serves as a reliable source of statistical data. 6.What is the primary goal of internal criticism in historical research? a. To identify the author of a primary source. b. To evaluate the reliability and credibility of a primary source. c. To analyze the physical condition of a primary source. Post Test: Choose Me A. Direction: Choose the correct option for each multiple-choice question below.

27. 7.Which of the following is a common method of external criticism? a. Examining the source's historical context. b. Comparing multiple primary sources on the same topic. c. Assessing the source's internal consistency. 8.Why is it important for historians to apply both internal and external criticism to primary sources? a. To increase the length of research papers. b. Ensure that sources are written in a foreign language. c. To provide a comprehensive evaluation of a source's trustworthiness. Post Test: Choose Me A. Direction: Choose the correct option for each multiple-choice question below.

28. 9. Which of the following is NOT a typical role of repositories or archives? a. Preserving primary source materials. b. Organizing reenactments c. Offering research assistance to scholars. 10. What is the historical value of a government document, such as a treaty or constitution? a. It reflects the personal opinions of the author. b. It provides a firsthand account of a historical event. c. It offers insights into government policies and decisions Post Test: Choose Me A. Direction: Choose the correct option for each multiple-choice question below.

29. 11. Negative Internal Criticism is about questioning critically the good faith , motive, competence, accuracy, and even the author’s knowledge of the topic covered. a.LEGIT b. Life c. Thing 12. Primary Sources are stored, preserved, accessed from institutions and sites tasked and dedicated to giving an accurate and clear perspective of the future . a.LEGIT b. Past c. Present Post Test: Choose Me Direction: Choose LEGIT if the underlined word is true, and if false, select the correct word or words to make the statement true.

30. 13. National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2005 (R.A. 9470) is an act to strengthen the system of management and administration of archival records, establishing for the purpose the national archives of the Philippines, and other purposes. a.LEGIT b.National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2005 (R.A. 9450) c.National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2007 (R.A. 9470) 14. The National Library of the Philippines was established as the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas through the royal decree of August 22, 1887 . a.LEGIT b. August 12, 1887 c. August 2, 1878 Post Test: Choose Me Direction: Choose LEGIT if the underlined word is true, and if false, select the correct word or words to make the statement true.

31. 15. The National Archives of the Philippines is notable for being the home of the original copies of the defining works of José Rizal: Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and Mi último adiós, and so more. a.LEGIT b.National Museum of the Philippines c.National Library of the Philippines 16. Provenanse refers to the source of information such as entities and procession involved in producing or delivering artifacts. a.LEGIT b. Proneness c. Provenance Post Test: Choose Me Direction: Choose LEGIT if the underlined word is true, and if false, select the correct word or words to make the statement true.

32. 17. Artifacts are human-made or human-designed objects. a.LEGIT b. Human-design c. Human remains 18. On December 10, 1898, the Threats of Paris established the Office of Archives, formerly the Spanish Division of Archives, under the American Authority. a.LEGIT b. Treat of Paris c. Treaty of Paris Post Test: Choose Me Direction: Choose LEGIT if the underlined word is true, and if false, select the correct word or words to make the statement true.

33. 19. The historical method is the process of proving primary sources that will be used in writing history. a.LEGIT b. Probing c. Proofing 20. Religious Congress are groups of men or women who have chosen to express their Christian commitment by living in the community and taking lifelong vows - usually vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. a.LEGIT b. Religiose Congregation c. Religious Congregation Post Test: Choose Me Direction: Choose LEGIT if the underlined word is true, and if false, select the correct word or words to make the statement true.

34. B A B B B B B C B C Post Test: Choose Me Key Answers 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. C

35. Homework: Complete Me Direction: Complete the crossword puzzle by filling in the correct words using the provided clues. Across 1. past records 2. approach to studying the past 3. storage 7. compatible with others 8. who are you? Down 4. worship 5. symbolizes despair 6. home of Dr. José Rizal’s work 8. exclusive 10. National Library of the Philippines

36. Homework: Complete Me Key Answers Across 1. Historical Sources 2. Historical Method 3. Repository 7. Consistent 8. Authorship Down 4. Congregation 5. Spoliarium 6. NLP 8. Private 10. Museo Biblioteca de Filipinas

37. references https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper_06.pdf https://www.mn.catholic.org.au/church-mission/catholic-life/religious-congregations/ https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E56917_01/cs9pbr4/eng/cs/lsfn/task_DefiningAcademicInstitutions-ab5850.html#topofpage https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/National_library

38. Miscka Adelle Alagano Saint Cris Cabadin Erich Garcia Arjay Mendez PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY Urdaneta City Campus Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Filipino