ICBN to ICN- Changes and Significances.

Journey of ICBN to ICN- Changes and Significances.

Presented by : Chhan Kumar Kalita, PG 1st Semester, Department of Botany, Nowgown College (Autonomous).

Guided by : Dr. Prantik Sharma Baruah, Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Nowgown College (Autonomous).

1. A Presentation on Journey of ICBN to ICN- Changes and Significances. Presented by: Chhan Kr. Kalita M.Sc. 1 st Semester, Department of Botany Nowgown College (Autonomous), Nagaon Presented to: Dr. Prantik Sharma Baruah Assistant Professor, Nowgown College (Autonomous)

2. ICBN ICBN to ICN Changes of ICBN (ICN) Significances of ICN Conclusion CONTENTS

3. ICBN- International Code Of Botanical Nomenclature refers to the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names given to the plant. ICBN Why It’s needed ! Due to variation of names place to place and language to language, vernacular names, polynomial names. It’s foundation story Linnaeus in 1737 & 1751 proposed the elementary rules of naming plants in his Philosophia Botanica then in 1813, A.P. De Candolle set forth a detailed set of rules regarding plant nomenclature in his Theorie elementaire de la botanique . The 1 st International Congress on Plant Nomenclature was the milestone of ICBN held at Paris in 1867 ( Paris Code ). Alphonse de Candolle, son of A. P. Candolle convened an assembly of botanist of the world to present a new set of rules. ICBN, 1983 was adopted by the 13 th International Botanical Congress, Sydney ( Australia) in August 1981 & the Chairman of the Editorial Committe was E.G. Voss .

4. ICBN TO ICN International Code Of Botanical Nomenclature International Code Of Botanical Nomenclature For Algae, Fungi And Plants IBC in Melbourne, Australia in July 2011 as part of the Melbourne Code Reflecting the view, particularly amongst Mycologist, that the word “Botanical” was misleading and could imply that the code covered only green plants and excluded Fungi & diverse Algal lineages, it was agreed that the name be changed from ICBN to ICN. Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature require the decisions of a plenary session of an IBC as proposed by its Nomenclature section. The Nomenclature Section of the 18 th IBC met from 18-22 July 2011 in the University of Melbourne, and its decisions were approved by the final plenary session of that Congress on 30 July 2011,taking immediate effect.

5. TITLE- NO MORE THE ICBN : Reflecting the view, particularly amongst Mycologist, that the word “Botanical” was misleading and could imply that the code covered only green plants and excluded Fungi & diverse Algal lineages, it was agreed that the name be changed from ICBN to ICN. L ATIN- AND ENGLISH : It is currently necessary to provide a description and diagnosis in either Latin or English, in order to validly publish the name of a new taxon . ONE FUNGUS,ONE NAME : The Nomenclature Section agreed to delete the anomalous provision (contained in Art. 59), so that different names applying to sexual and asexual morphs of the same fungus complete for priority in the same manner as other names. ONE FOSSIL, ONE NAME : The code for many years had special rules for names of fossils, reflecting their frequent fragmentary occurance . Most recently, seperate names could be applied to “ morphotaxa , each of which represented a particular part, life- history stage. The Nomenclature Section adopted a set of proposals by which the whole concept of morphotaxa is abandoned, so that when two or more morphotaxa can be shown to belong to the same organism, their names compete for priority in the usual way. Changes of ICBN ( ICN)

6. REGISTRATION OF FUNGAL NAMES : Since 2004, the online database MycoBank ( www.mycobank.org ) has become increasingly used by mycologists to register new fungal names. Upon registration, MycoBank issues a unique number which can be cited in the publication where the name appears. Melbourne Code approved a new rule, whereby on or after 1 January 2013 the publication of a new fungal name much include a citation of “an identifier issued by a recognised repository” in order to be validly published. APPENDICES OF THE CODE : As more and more conserved or rejected names have been added to the Appendices of the Code , each successive printed edition has become bulkier. A set of proposals sought to limit publication of the of the appendices to electronic format in online databases, with hardcopy updates published in Taxon , and the option of periodic publication of the full appendices. These proposals were accepted by the Nomenclature Section, but amended to become a more general mandate: “ The Editorial Committee has the option to produce the appendices to the Code in electronic form only.” Changes of ICBN ( ICN)

7. Starting on January 1, 2012, electronic publication is permitted of new scientific names in Portable Document Format (PDF) in online publications with an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) or International Standard Book Number (ISBN) (Art. 29-31 ). It is no longer necessary for new names to appear in printed matter in order to be effectively published. However , publication of names at public meetings, in collections or gardens open to the public, or by the issue of microfilm made from manuscripts is not considered effective publication (48 ). Starting on January 1, 2012, English may be used as an alternative to Latin for the descriptions or diagnoses of new taxa (Art. 39 ). Starting on January 1, 2013, all new fungal names, including new taxa , new combinations, names at new ranks, and replacement names, must have an identifier issued by a recognized repository (Art. 42 ). Starting on January 1, 2013, the dual naming system for fungi is replaced with one scientific name for each species based on priority. The Sydney Code approved in 1981 introduced specialized terms for the different states of fungi, i.e., the asexual state ( anamorph ) and sexual state ( teleomorph ) with the complete fungus and all of its states referred to as the holomorph . The correct way to refer to the holomorph was to use the teleomorph name (if available) preferentially (28). These practices for fungi are now discontinued. According to the Melbourne Code, all legitimate fungal names published prior to January 1, 2013 compete equally for priority, and the sole correct name is now the earliest legitimate name, regardless of the life history state of the type (48). Significances of ICN

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