Idealism of philosophy-1.pptx philosophy of education

Education

1. IDEALISM Idealism Idealism is one of the most important philosophies that have ever been formulated. This talks of the attainment of perfection of human beings . The basic belief of idealism is that man is a combination of spiritual and material aspects of the two, spiritual aspect is considered to be more important. An idealist gives more importance to the mind and self than the matter and body.

2. The Etymological, meaning of Idealism Idealism is a term with several relat ed meanings. It comes directly from the Greek " idealismos " which derives from the word (idea). Plato is the father of idealism. DEFINITION : Idealism contends that the material and physical world known to science is an incomplete expression of reality, that it exists but to observe and requires to complement at a higher type of reality, a spiritual reality- RUSK

3. Born out of ideas and ideals, idealism means that material objects and physical world are myth. They are the means to reach the spiritual reality. When these ideas are put into practice, the body –the mythical object gets united with the spirit of god-the real object.

4. Development / Leaders of Idealism Socrates (469-399 BC) Plato (427-347 BC) St. Augustine ( 350-430) Descartes (1596-1650) Berkeley (1685-1753) Kent (1724-1804) Indian leaders of Idealism Shankaracharya Mahatma Gandhiji Ravindranatha Tagore Vivekanandha

5. HISTORY Idealism is the oldest system of philosophy known to man. Its origins go back to ancient India in the East, and to Plato in the West. Although Idealist philosophers vary enormously on many specifics, they agree on the following two points: 1. The human spirit is the most important element in life; 2. The universe is essentially nonmaterial in its ultimate nature.

6. Idealism is the philosophical theory which maintains that experience is ultimately based on mental activity . In literature, idealism refers to the thoughts or ideas of the writer. Man has two facets: spiritual and material . When the emphasis is on realization of spiritual life , it is called idealism. Idealist does not have considerations for material values of life. To the idealist ‘Mind and Soul’ rather than the ‘Matter and the Body’ are more important.

7. Idealist believe that ideas are the only true reality. The material world is characterized by change, instability, and uncertainty; some ideas are enduring We should be concerned primarily with the search for truth. Since truth is perfect and eternal, it cannot be found in the world of matter that is both imperfect and constantly changing. Idealist have idolized the Mind beyond everything. Idealism is the philosophical theory that reality is essentially mental or spiritual. Idealism is opposed to materialism , the theory that reality is physical

8. VARIOUS FORMS OF IDEALISM: PERSONALISTIC IDEALISM: The exponent of this kind of idealism is Berkely . He accepts only the existence of mind. ABSOLUTE IDEALISM: The exponent of this kind of idealism is Hegel. He accepts only the existence of soul. 3. OBJECTIVE IDEALISM: The exponent of this kind of idealism is Plato. 4 . PHENOMENAL IDEALISM: The exponent of this kind of idealism is kant . Phenomena  are the appearances, which constitute the our experience

9. Socrates Regarded as the father of philosophy Believed we learned through questioning (the Socratic method) Wrote nothing, what we know of his views were written by his followers, most notably Plato Plato A student of Socrates Known as the father of idealism Operated a school named the “Academy”

10. Principle of Idealism Principle of universe mind Man is spiritual being Ideas and values are superior to materialistic world 4. Real knowledge in perceived in mind 5. Development of spirituality

11. IDEALISM AND AIMS OF EDUCATION: Absolutist- The search for “TRUTH”- True Ideas 2. Rationalist- The search for truth is a rational process. Thus, to be educated, is to reason effectively. 3. Subjectivist- Individuals should strive for self- realization 4. Character Development Wisdom Moral conviction Good will Loyalty

12. 5..Beautification of personality 6. Development of spirituality 7. Moral and intellectual training 8. Preservation, transmission and advancement of culture . 9. Creation of an ideal society . 10. Develop the mind 11 Search for true ideas 12. Character development 13. Self-realization 14. True education is concerned with ideas rather than matter . 15. The idealists wants to give students a broad understanding of the world in which they live.

13. METHOD OF EDUCATION: Depth over breadth Concepts over specific facts Confront problems that arise from the “human condition.” 4.Self-Directed” learning 5.Lecture to stimulate thought, not to convey information

14. Curriculum and Idealism Curriculum developed according to Ideals and eternal values Humanistic subjects Religious studies Spiritual studies Literature History – Fine arts

15. ROLE OF TEACHER Socrates might serve as the prototype Socratic questioning Teachers serve as role models Intellectual Moral An Idealist teacher tends to see teaching as a calling- more than just an occupation The teacher must excel in knowledge and in human insight into the needs and capacities of the learners; and must demonstrate moral excellence in personal conduct and convictions. The teacher must also exercise great creative skill in providing opportunities for the learners' minds to discover, analyze, unify, synthesize and create applications of knowledge to life and behaviour

16. CRITIQUE OF IDEALISM IN EDUCATION MERITS : The high cognitive level of education that idealists promote. Their concern for safeguarding and promoting cultural learning. Their great concern for morality and character development. Their view of the teacher as a revered person central to the educational process. Their belief in the importance of self-realization . Their stress on the human and personal side of life. Their comprehensive, systematic, and holistic approach.

17. 8.It has helped in the determination of educational aims to a large extent. Educational aims such as personality development through self realization and creation of an ideal society etc have helped to a great extent in the construction of curriculum even today . 9. Its concept of moral education is recognized by all societies of the world. 10. It stresses on the ideal character of the teacher that is very important need of the hour in order to bring about desirable change in the behaviour of students . 11. It advocates intimate relationship between teachers and students. 12. It recognises the individuality of a child and tries stimulate his creative potentialities.

18. CRITICISM IN IDEALISM: This philosophy can be criticised on some superficial ground in the following way: It gives much more importance to thinking and intellectual process as compared to physical activities Teachers are given priority over students . They talk about the reality and existence of god but none of them has given any proof about it.

19. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION OF IDEALISM Interested in search for truth through ideas, with truth comes responsibility to enlightens other “education is transformation: ideas can change lives”. Role of a teacher is to bring out what is really there in students(reminiscence) Plato believed education helped moved individuals collectively towards achieving good. The state should be involved in education, moving brighter students towards abstract ideas and the less able towards collecting data- a gender free tracking system.

20. Evils comes through ignorance, education will lead to obliteration of evil Idealism emphasizes on inductive reasoning/ lecturing and dialogue . Conclusion: So, In idealism, the aim of education is to discover and develop each individual's abilities and full moral excellence in order to better serve society. The curricular emphasis is subject matter of mind: literature, history, philosophy, and religion. Teaching methods focus on handling ideas through lecture, discussion, and Socratic dialogue (a method of teaching that uses questioning to help students discover and clarify knowledge).