Importance of Water Management for Crop Production.pptx

Importance of Water Management for Crop Production

1. Importance of Water Management for Crop Production Dr. Paritosh Murmu Scientist-Agronomy Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nabarangpur

2. 9)Continuous Cropping 10) Leach excess salt

3. Water Resources of India Total Rainfall 400 m ha m Rest of year 100 Monsoon Season 300 Evaporation 70 Snowfall 10 Rainfall 105 Ground water 50 Soil moisture 165 Infiltration into soil 215 Surface flow 115

4. Use Pattern of Surface and Groundwater

5. ON FARM WATER MANAGEMENT

6. Drip Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation

7. High Efficacy Irrigation system

8. The manner in which irrigation water is applied to the land.. Three main ways of applying irrigation water.... Surface irrigation : Run the water over the soil surface and allow it to infiltrate ii. Sprinkler irrigation : Spray the water into the air and allow it to fall on to plants and soil as simulated rainfall. iii. Drip irrigation : Apply the water directly to the root zone. Methods of irrigation

9. Surface irrigation Flooding Check Basin method Border Strip method Basin method Furrow irrigation

10. Furrow irrigation Flooding Border Strip Irrigation

11. Basin Method Check Basin Method

12. Sprinkler irrigation Advantages : Can be used in slopy areas where other methods failed In sandy soils best suited methods of irrigation Elimination of channels, bunds and their maintenance and conveyance losses of water Controlled water application leads to higher application efficiency Areas at higher elevation than the source can be irrigated Disadvantages : High initial cost Application efficiency affected by high winds Sensitive crops to soluble salt may suffer from leaf scorching

13. Sprinkler Irrigation

14. Drip irrigation Advantages Increase water use efficiency Improve fertiliser and other chemical applications Reduce weed growth Reduce salinity hazzard to plant Reduced operational labour Disadvantages Restricted soil water distribution and plant root development Salt accumulation near plants High initial cost Clogging of Emiters

15. Drip Irrigation Pot Irrigation

16. Water Use Efficiency of different crops Crop Water requirement(mm) Grin Yield(kg/ha) WUE(kg/ha mm) Rice 2,000 6,000 3.0 Wheat 280 3,534 12.6 Maize 625 5,000 8.0 Groundnut 500 4,680 9.2

17. Factors affecting WUE Nature of crops : Crops with good rooting habits, low transpiration rates and improved energy consumption leads to better WUE. Cultural Practices : Better management of water , weeding, mulching etc. Increases WUE. Fertilisers : Better water management leads to better uptake of nutrients resulting into higher yield and better WUE. Scheudling of irrigation : Irrigation at peak demand leads to higher yield and WUE.

18. Role of water in plant body… Photosynthesis Respiration Transportation of food materials Cell division Structural component (plant body contains water more than 90% ) Activate enzymes and hormones Heat control

19. Water requiremnt of crops Rice-1500-2000 mm Mize-600-800 mm Tomato-600-800 mm Cabbage-400-500 mm Water requirement of crop depends on…. Soil type (sandy-clay) Season- kharif-rabi ) Climate-(Cloudy-sunny) Crop type

20. Critical stage of irrigation Rice- Tillering -Panicle initiation- Flwring Wheat- CRI-shooting-heading Maize- Silking -Cob development Mandia - PI- Flwering Arhar - Flowering-pod frmation Tomato- Start of fruiting Cabbage- Head formation to get firm

21. Thank You….