Imprinting

waseem

1. Assignment Topic: Imprinting Presented By: Hafiz Muhammad Waseem Roll No: mcf 1901171 MSc Zoology (Evening) Ist Semester Session 2019-21

2. Contents Introduction Types Filial imprinting Sexual imprinting Reverse sexual imprinting Limbic imprinting

3. IMPRINTING The process by which an animal form an association with another animal or object in the environment during sensitive period of life is called imprinting it is a kinds of phase sensitive learning ''learning occur at particular life stage and in it is rapid and independent of consequence of behaviour.it was use to describe situation in an animal or person learn characteristics of some stimuli. Types of imprinting It has different types

4. Types of imprinting It has different types 1) Filial imprinting the best known form of imprinting is filial imprinting.in this imprinting a young animal narrow its social preference to an object due to exposure to that object. it is most obvious in N idifugous birds (which live the nest after hatching ).they imprinting on their parents and then follow them around .It was reported in domestic chicken .It was first discover by early etiologist Oskar Hinroth

5. Types of imprinting Demonstration Lorenz demonstrated that incubated hatch gees imprint on fist moving stimulus them saw. It occur with in critical period 13-16 hours shortly after hatching. For example gee slings imprints on Lorenz himself. Lorenz also found that gees can imprint on moving objects. In one experiment they follow box placed on model train in circle around track. 2) Sexual imprinting one form of learning studied in the context of mate choice is sexual imprinting. In sexual imprinting young individual learn mating preference from their interaction with adult.

6. Sexual imprinting Example a ) male zebra finches prefer to mate with appearance of female birds that rear them. b ) non-human mammals or birds develop sexual attraction for human as a result of sexual imprinting.one example is London zoo female giant panda Chi C hi. S he was taken to Moscow zoo for mating giant panda An An . S he was taken to Moscow zoo for mating with male giant panda An An. But she refuse his attempt to mate with her. but she made a full sexual self presentation to a zoo keeper.

7. Sexual imprinting c ) It commonly occur in falconry birds .but birds are rear from hatching by human. Such birds are called imprinting. The breeder has a special hat with pockets. he let the male birds copulate with their head the cap catching male birds semen. At copulation the breeder puts one hand on female bids back to represent the weight of a male bird. He uses hypodermic syringe Method Developed to study sexual Imprinting (a) Cross-Fostering approach In the case of imprinting the offspring are rised by adaptive parents.such offspring show different mating preferance than those raised by biological parents.we examin such preferance are link to something about behaviour of adapted p arents. Klause Immlelmman studied sexual imprinting in male zebra finch.it is raised by its parents for first month of life but then it was kept isolation for two month.he often imprints on phenotype of first female he incounter after isolation.

8. Method Developed to study sexual Imprinting (b) Novel trait approach In this approach offspring are raised by parents that have some novel trait. Novel trait approach study on Manikind Birds Claudia Witte and his colleague studied novel trait approach for sexual imprinting in Manikind birds. The novel trait was a red feather. The researchers attach red feather on forehead of adult Manikinds . The feather stood up like crest. Witte raised juvenile Manikinds in of four groups > in group 1 serve as a control. Its offspring raised with their mother and father. Both mother and father lack red feather. > In group 2 offspring were raised with their mother and father. Each has a red head feather attach to fore head. > in group 3 offspring were raised with their mother with no feather but father was with red feather. > in group 4 offspring were raised with father with no feather. But mother with a red feather. When offspring reached sixty days age they were separated from their par nets. Then their mate preference were made. These birds was given the choice between two member of opposite sex.

9. Method Developed to study sexual Imprinting one that had a red feather added. But the other did not have it. Witte and her team found evidence that young Minikind imprints on red themselves matured. Sexual imprinting on faces in human Sexual imprinting occur in human like other animals.one hypothesis is that a young person create a mental template of his or her opposite-sex parent. Then he uses that template as a guide for finding mates when he or she mature. The man may imprints on their mother’s features they are children   A similarity occur a man mother’s and his subsequence wife. Bereczkei and colleagues found that some women were shown pictures of some other women. They were asked to picks out picture of a women’s mother in law. They were able to do so with accuracy. The people may use some of their own facial features matching to self searching for mates

10. Method Developed to study sexual Imprinting Novel trait approach There is similarity between parents and offspring.therefore matching –to- self rules and sexual imprinting both results similars to that of Breczkei and his colleagues.   We can distinguish between matching-to-self and sexual imprinting hypothesis.Bereczkei and colleagues looked at a similarity between mate choice of female who were raised and as adopted daughters.   If woman select mates who resembled themselves. This supports the matching-to-self hypothesis. If the selected mates who resembled their adapted fathers. This support the sexual imprinting hypothesis. Result indicated that a much greater similarity between daughter adapted father and her subsequence by emotional band between parents and child.

11. Types of imprinting 3) Reverse sexual Printing In reverse sexual imprinting two individual living in close domestic proximity during their early years are desensitized to lateral sexual attraction. This phenomena is called Westermarck effect. (a) Westermarck effect was first described by Edward Westermarck in his book “the history of human marriage”( 1891).it is observe in main place and cultures. These include Israeli kibbutz system and Chinese shimp-pua marriage custom as well as biological related families.in these case of Israeli kibbutzium children were reared commonly in peer group . These g roups are based on age not biologically relation. A staudy of marriage pattern of r in life was don. It revealed that out of the nearly 3000 marriage these that occurred occurs kibbutz system

12. Reverse sexual imprinting only fourteen were between children Sam peer group. Of these 14 non reared together during the 6 year of life. This result provide support the existence of Westermarck effect It operates during the period from birth to age. Similarly when brother and sister brought up separately near meeting one another. They may fine one a nother highly sexual attraction. This phenomena is known as Genetic sexual attraction . This observation support the hypothesis that the western mark effect evolve because it suppressed inbreeding.

13. Limbic imprinting The prenatal (before birth) perinatal (near to birth) and postnatale (after birth) experiences leave imprints upon the limbic system of brain. It causes life long effect. This process is identified as a limbic imprinting. The term is also described as human emotional map Deep- seaded believe and values are stored in brain limbic system