Inclusive Education_Combined-1.pptx

Inclusive education ... Sample copy....

1. GROUP ASSIGNMENT Course Title: Creating an Inclusive School Course Code : 30202 Submitted by – ` Submitted to – All Teacher Trainees Ms . Parijat Neog 3 rd Semester, 2022 – 2024 Lecturer, CTE, Golaghat

2. Gratitude Teacher trainees of 3 rd Semester, 2022 – 2024 session expresses cordial gratitude to madam Parijat Neog , lecturer of CTE, Golaghat for her valuable advices laying behind this Power Point Presentation Project.

3. TOPIC History of Inclusive Education, World and Indian Perspective

4. Introduction: Every child has the right to education according to the limits of his capacity whether that capacity be small or great.

5. Meaning of Inclusive Education : Inclusive education means where children with and without disabilities participate and learn together in the same class. Inclusive education is defined as a learning environment that promotes the full personal, academic and professional development of all learners irrespective of race, class, colour, gender, disability, sexual preference, learning styles and language.

6. INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

7. Definition of Inclusive Education by UNICEF “ Inclusive Education means all children in the same classrooms, in the same schools and real learning opportunities for groups who have traditionally been excluded .”

8. 1. In the early stages of special education Spanish Monk Pedro Ponch Leon established a school in 1578 for deaf children . 2. In 1755 a school was established in Paris where the sensory training was given with the help of Montessori method . Conceptual background of Inclusive Education (World Perspective):

9. 3. In 1760 a school for deaf & dumb was established at Edinburg in Britain by Thomas Braidwood . He emphasized on teaching alphabets and symbols with the help of oral and learning by doing method . 4. In 1784 Valentine Haye started education for the visually impaired in Paris and a national institution was organized for it.

10. 5. French physician Dr. Jean Itard published a book named ‘Victor : The Wild Boy of Aveyron ’ for slow learners . He used to giving education to a child viz. Victor having wild nature living in the jungle during 1801 to 1806. 6. In 1829 Louis Braille invented ‘Braille Script’ for visually impaired children . 7. In 1847 Gallaudet established a deaf school in America using the French method.

11. 8. Ovide Decroly , also known as the father of Inclusive Education started a school for the children with general disabilities in 1901 . 9. Russian psychologist Lav Vigotskey stressed on role of education on reciprocal socio action and expansion of Inclusive Education Environment . 10. The Fundamental Right of Children with developmental disabilities to receive an education was the first issue to mobilize the community living movement in the 1950’s .

12. 11. In 1956 the University of British Columbia held the first ‘Special Education’ teacher training . 12. In 1959 University of British Columbia became the first Canadian University to appoint a professor of Special Education to train teachers for children with disabilities . 13. The move to Inclusive Education came in the late 1980’s Inclusive Education is increasingly promoted and supported not just by a few passionate individuals and groups but by UN agencies and government globally .

13. 14. In 1986’s progress towards the move to ‘Inclusive Education’ started. 15. The World Declaration on Education for All formulated at the world conferences on ‘Education for All’ in Jomtien , Thailand 1990 tried to address some of the challenges . 16. The World Programme of Action (WPA )1982 , the standard rules, on Equalization of opportunities for person with Disabilities (1993) paved the way for Inclusive Education .

14. 17. ( i ) The ‘’Salamanca Statement on Principles Policy and Special Needs Education’’ (UNESCO, 1994) provides a framework for thinking about how to move policy and practice forward. Indeed, this statement and the accompanying framework for Action is arguably the most significant international documents that has ever appeared is special education arguing that regular school should have a Inclusive orientation. (ii) The statement officially adopted for the first time, Inclusive Education as the most effective means of securing education for all .

15. 18. The word ‘Inclusive’ was used at the ‘ The Education Forum’, Dakar, Senegal , which was convened in 2000 . The Dakar framework for action states, - “ In order to attract and retaine children from marginalized and excluded group, education systems should respond flexibility, - Education System must be inclusive , actively seeking out children who are not enrolled and responding flexibly to the circumstances and needs of all learner’s.”

16. 19. Rehabilitation Act 1973 (US) and the Education Act of 1981 helped to promote inclusive practices. The Rehabilitation Act guaranteed the civil rights of all people with disabilities. 20. The 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) breaks new ground as the first international legally binding instrument to specifically promote Inclusive Education as right.

17. A renewed commitment reinforcing inclusion and equity in education was expressed at an international forum, co-organized by UNESCO and the Colombian ministry of education in September 2019 to mark the 25 th anniversary of the Salamanca world conference on Special Needs Education and the theme was “ Every learners matters ” and the forum was revive inclusion as a general guiding Principle to strengthen equal access to equality learning opportunities for all learners.

18. Some successful disabled personalities of the world. Stephen Hawking Annette Roozen Hellen keller Preeti Srinivasan

19. India is a country of culture and moral value from the ancient Vedic period where differently able individuals were also given importance in the society. This principle of inclusion in India, which is not an experiment to be tested but a value to followed , was developed from time to time. The historical development of inclusive education in India can be depicted as follows : Historical Background of Inclusive Education in Indian Perspective :

20. Archaeologists discovered evidence of inclusion of people with disabilities in india from 2000 or more years ago in the form of adopted toys accessible for PWD, that were part of the “ Gurukul System”. Though, there were caste system which promoted discrimination and exclusion. Vedic Period:

21. During this period i.e around 6 th century, there were reformation movement in india that opposed the caste system and any kind of discrimination where ideas of inclusion, equality and non discrimination were promoted. Period of Buddhisim and Jainism:

22. The Preamble : The Preamble to the Constitution of India guarantees right to equality of status and opportunity to everyone . Article 41 : Article 41 of the Directive Principles of the Indian Constitution supports the right to work, education, and public assistance in certain cases including disablement.

23. Article 45 : Provides for free and compulsory education for all children upto the age of 14 years. The 86 th Amendment Act-2002 of the Constitution under Article 21A makes education a fundamental right of all children in the age group 6-14.

24. Recommendations of Kothari Commission :- In 1966, The Kothari Commission had recommended for educating children with disabilities in regular schools. As per the recommendation of Kothari Commission the Govt. of India launched this programme. It was the first formal step towards inclusion . Integrated Education For Disabled Children (IEDC) 1974 :-

25. NPE-1986 and the Programme of Action 1992 stresses the need for integrating children with special needs with other groups as equal partner. Here are some views of the NEP-1986 related to inclusive education: Integrated Education for disabled children. Non-Formal education. Women’s education. Education for SCs/STs. Adult Education. National Policy On Education (NPE)- 1986

26. It was a centrally sponsored scheme taken in alliance with UNICEF IN 1987, that shifted the strategy from school based approach to composite area approach. It introduced the Cluster system for inclusion . Project Integrated Education (PIED)

27. This Act states that every child with disability had the right to be taught by a qualified special teacher to equalization of opportunities and safeguarding the rights of the persons with disabilities in India is the main objective of this act. The Rehabilitation Council of India Act:- 1992

28. In 1995, The Persons with Disabled Act (PWD) was enacted. This Act aims to uphold the dignity of every person with disability and ensures full participation and inclusion in the society. The Persons With Disabled Act :

29. This programme provides for inclusive education by way of early detection, community mobilisation etc. This Act seeks to protect and promote the rights of persons belonging to disability section. The District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) 1997: The National Trust Act-1999

30. In the year 2001, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Mission came into being as an result of ‘Education For All’ movement for the age group 6-14. The Disability Act-2006 also ensures inclusive education by way of equal treatment to all. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan-2001 The Disability Act-2006

31. RTE Act-2009 provides for the right of children to free and compulsory education for the age group 6-14 in a neighbourhood school. The scheme of “Inclusive Education For Disabled at Secondary Stage(IEDSS)” was launched in 2009 to provide inclusive education for the disabled children in classes IX-XII. Right To Education Act (RTE) - 2009 Inclusive Education For Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS)

32. RMSA-2009 also provides for universal access to secondary education along with all facilities for the disabled children. This Act ensures the right to equality & life with dignity equally with others for the PWD. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)-2009 Rights of Persons With Disabilities Act-2016

33. Chapter 6 of NEP 2020 deals with Equitable and Inclusive Education through infrastructural support and by making corresponding changes in curriculum. It says, “ Educationis the single greatest tool for acheieving social justice and equality.” National Education Policy-2020

34. ▶ “The chief handicap of the blind is not blindness, but the attitude of seeing people towards them.” ---- Helen Keller ● Inclusive education responding to special needs will thus have positive returns for all. All children and young people of the world, with their individual strengths and weaknesses, with their hope and expectations, have the right to education. It is not our education systems that have a right to a certain type of children. Therefore, it is the school system of a country that must be adjusted to meet the needs of all its children. That is a big difficult task, but “Where there is a will there is a way!” Conclusion :-

35. References Internet. Textbook. – Gender School and Society and Creating an Inclusive School. Class note.