Industrial culture algae, uses of algae, type of culture of algae@ industrial culture

complete culture of algae is explained with steps.

1. INDUSTRIAL CULTURE ALGAE

2. ALGAL CULTURE : SCOPE & METHODS Farming of algae A form of aquaculture scope Algae can be grown in a large quantities within a short period of time. Algae can also be exploited for the commercial production of various products like dyes, fodder, bioplastics etc.

3. Algae are commercially cultivated (cultured) for many purposes . i ) Algae as Food. 1. The total food production by marine algae is estimated to be eight times than that by land plants. 2. The algae are rich source of proteins, fats, vitamins A, B, C and E ; omega -3 fatty acids etc. 3. Several algae are edible. E.g. Ulva , Porphyra , Laminaria, Chlorella, Gracilaria , Gelidium etc. 4. Many algal products are used in food industry. e.g Agar, Carageenan etc.

4. ii ) Algae as source of Dyes and Food colorants Phycoerythrin is a red pigment extracted from red algae. Porphyridium cruentum is the most commonly used species for Phycoerythrin production. Phycocyanin is a blue pigment derived from blue green algae. Spirulina platensis is the most popular algal source of this pigment. Food colorants and dyes obtained from algae have nutritional value and are non-toxic.

5. iii ) Algae as Organic Fertilizers Algae , particularly brown and red algae can be used directly as organic fertilizers. Algae , particularly brown and red algae can be used directly as organic fertilizers.

6. iv) Algal Bioplastics Alternative to the plastics Eco friendly Biodegradable A sustainable green initiative to combat plastic pollution.

7. v) Algae as a source of Pharmaceuticals Certain algae are rich sources of various bioactive compounds that have nutraceutical or therapeutic potentials and can be exploited in pharmaceutical industry.

8. vi) Algal Fuels 1. Algae can be used for the production of making biodiesel, biobutanol, biogasoline , Methane, etc. 2. An alternative to petroleum based fuels. e.g Dunaliella, Chlorella etc

9. Types of Algal Culture Unialgal cultures - contain only one kind of alga, usually a clonal population (may contain bacteria, fungi or protozoa). Axenic cultures - contain only one alga (no bacteria, fungi or protozoa).

10. Culture conditions should resemble the alga’s natural environment as far as possible . Requirements: Water Carbon dioxide Minerals Light Temperature (15˚C - 35˚C. )

11. Culture (Cultivation) of Macroalgae • Culture of macroalgae like Laminaria, Porphyra , Gracilaria , Ulva , Chondrus etc. Steps : Collection Isolation Culture Harvest

12. 1 . Collection Requirements: Suitable containers Chisel or small knife Forceps Gloves Mesh or cloth bag Ice-filled cooler

13. Method : Wear gloves Mark containers with date, depth, location, whether the water is saline, brackish or fresh etc. Collect entire or a part of algal specimen from shallow or deep water. Large specimens should be shaken or gently squeezed on collection to remove excess water. Gently place the specimen in the container with sufficient water . Place the containers in an ice – filled cooler

14. 2. Isolation Manual isolation Use of membrane filters for separation of filamentous algae from bacteria. Use of mixtures of ethanol (40–50%) and sodium hypochlorite (1%) for the removal of microepibionts . Antibiotic screening to eliminate fungal contaminants ( e.g. Nystatin 100mg/ml ).

15. 3 ) Culture (Cultivation) Methods : i )Fragment Culture Small fragments of algal thallus are placed in a suitable environment that will support their growth Single Rope Floating Raft (SRFR) method (Long line cultivation or Line or rope farming or Monoline system) Use of Nets Pond culture In tanks (Tumble Culture) Seaweed cultivation at sea bottom Green house culture Spray culture Tissue culture

16. ii)Reproductive Method Different kinds of spores like Zoospores, Monospores , Tetraspores , Carpospores etc. are collected and used for culture.

17. 4) Harvest Hand picking Use of Rotary cutters Nets Harvester Robotics

18. Flotation Dispersed air floatation and dissolved air flotation can be applied in microalgae harvesting and dewatering.

19. Centrifugation Centrifugation as a secondary dewatering step will reduce the time and costs associated with dewatering.

20. Sedimentation Tanks are cylindrical with a funnel shaped bottom so that the settled microalgae are concentrated near the outlet. The outlet is placed at the bottom of the tank so that the collection of the settled microalgae can easily be recovered .

21. Filtration Filtration techniques can concentrate microalgae cells in the suspension upto 5- 18% . Vacuum filtration harvesting technique is most suited for large microalgae cells (greater than 10 μ m).

22. THANK YOU By: Rahul   Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Hisar-Haryana