Industrial Wastewater Effluents

introduction to industrial wastewater, sources , possible ways to treat wastewater..

1. ASSIGNMENT
ON
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER EFFLUENTS
SUBMITTED TO:
MAM FATIMA LATIF
SUBMITTED BY:
MUHAMMAD HANNAN
B.SC. (HONS.) AGRICULTURE (WATER MANAGEMENT)
SEMESTER 5
TH
B.Z.U.

2. INTRODUCTION
INDUSTRIALEFFLUENT,SUCHASDYES,SURFACTANTS,MINERALS,ANDCERTAIN
METALS,FROMINDUSTRIALPROCESSINGPOSESASERIOUSTHREATTOAQUATIC
BIOTAANDECOSYSTEMS.DEPENDINGONTHEAMOUNTANDCOMPOSITION
OFEFFLUENTS,TEXTILEWASTEISTHEMOSTDAMAGINGCONTAMINANT
AMONGALLTHEINDUSTRIALWASTE.DAYBYDAYRAPIDGROWTHOF
POPULATIONSOTHAT’SWHYRAPIDLYINCREASINGINDUSTRIALIZATIONOFTHE
COUNTRY.SOALLTHEINDUSTRIESREQUIREDHUGEAMOUNTOFWATERFOR
DIFFERENTINDUSTRIALPROCESSES.

3. WASTE WATER
WASTEWATERISANYWATERTHAT
HASBEENCONTAMINATEDBY
HUMANUSE.WASTEWATERIS
"USEDWATER FROM ANY
COMBINATION OFDOMESTIC,
INDUSTRIAL,COMMERCIAL OR
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES,
SURFACE RUNOFF OR
STORMWATER,ANDANYSEWER
INFLOWORSEWERINFILTRATION”.

4. EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTISANOUTFLOWINGOF
WATERORGASTOANATURAL
BODYOFWATER,FROMA
STRUCTURE SUCH AS A
WASTEWATERTREATMENTPLANT,
SEWERPIPE,ORINDUSTRIAL
OUTFALL. EFFLUENT, IN
ENGINEERING,ISTHESTREAM
EXITINGACHEMICALREACTOR.

5. WASTEWATER RECYCLING
•WASTEWATERRECYCLINGISONEOFTHEMOSTSENSIBLEANDWINNING
OPTIONSFORPROMOTINGWATERSUFFICIENCYANDITCANRANGEFROM
SIMPLEHOMEMETHODSTOSOPHISTICATEDINDUSTRIALWASTEWATER
FILTRATIONSYSTEMS.REUSEOFDIFFERENTTYPESOFWASTEWATERISHENCEA
WAYTOOPTIMIZEWATERUSEATHOME.ITCANEITHERBEREUSEDDIRECTLY
ORTREATED

6. INDUSTRIES USE WATER THAT OBTAINED FROM THE
WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A VARIETY OF
PURPOSES, SUCH AS
•FOR MANUFACTURING GOODS.
•FOR HEATING.
•FOR COOLING.
•AS CARRIER OF RAW MATERIAL.
•AS CARRIER OF WASTE MATTER.
•AS A SOLVENT.
THE RESULTING WATER IS THEN CLASSIFIED AS A WASTEWATER.

7. WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER?
•INDUSTRIALWASTESINCLUDELIQUID,SOLIDSANDGASES,WEAREPRESENTLY
CONCERNEDWITHLIQUIDPART,WHICHISCOMMONLY KNOWNAS
INDUSTRIALWASTEWATER.
•WASTEWATERWHICHISGENERATEDASABY-PRODUCTFROMPROCESSUNIT
OPERATIONHAVINGCONSTITUENTSWHICHCANCAUSEHARMFUL&
HAZARDOUSEFFECTTOHUMAN,ANIMAL,PLANTS,AQUATIC&MICROBIALLIFE
/DIFFERENTLIFEFORMSONTHEEARTH.

8. SOURCES OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
•AGRICULTURAL WASTE
•IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
•MINES AND QUARRIES
•FOOD INDUSTRY
•COMPLEX ORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRY
•NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
•TEXTILE INDUSTRY
•DAIRY INDUSTRY

9. VARIOUS TYPES OF POLLUTANTS PRESENT
•SUSPENDED SOLID
•COLLOIDAL SOLIDS
•INORGANIC & ORGANIC SALTS
•ORGANICS COMPOUNDS (SOLVANTS, PESTICIDES, INSECTICIDES, HERBICIDES,
VOLATILE COMPOUNDS ETC.)
•OIL & GREASE

10. CONTINUE..
•AMMONIA
•PHOSPHATE
•HEAVY METALS
•CYANIDE
•REFRACTORY SUBSTANCES RESISTANT TO BIODEGRADATION. E.G. ABS (ALKYL
BENZENE SULFONATE)
•PATHOGENS
•COLOR

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE
WATER
•THECHARACTERISTICSOFINDUSTRIALWASTEWATERUSUALLYVARYFROM
INDUSTRYTOINDUSTRYANDALSO
•VARYFROMPROCESSTOPROCESSEVENFORSAMEINDUSTRY.
•THEYHAVEEITHERTOOHIGHAPROPORTIONOFSUSPENDEDSOLIDS,
DISSOLVEDINORGANIC&ORGANICSOLIDS,BIOLOGICALOXYGENDEMAND
(BOD),ALKALINITYORACIDITY/ANDTHEIRDIFFERENTCONSTITUENTSWILL
NOTBEINTHESAMEPROPORTIONASTHEEXISTINANORMALDOMESTIC
SEWAGE

12. OBJECTIVES
•THEPRINCIPALOBJECTIVEOFINDUSTRIALWASTEWATERTREATMENTIS
GENERALLYTOALLOWINDUSTRIALEFFLUENTSTOBEDISPOSEDOFWITHOUT
DANGERTOHUMANHEALTHORUNACCEPTABLEDAMAGETOTHENATURAL
ENVIRONMENT.
•TOMANAGEWATERDISCHARGEDFROMHOMES,BUSINESSES,AND
INDUSTRIESTOREDUCETHETHREATOFWATERPOLLUTION.

13. THERE ARE THREE ALTERNATIVESFOR THE
DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES
1.DIRECT DISPOSAL INTO THE RECEIVING WATERS, WITHOUT ANY TREATMENT.
2.DISPOSAL INTO THE MUNICIPAL SEWERS FOR COMBINED TREATMENT.
3.SEPARATE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES, BEFORE THEIR DISPOSAL INTO
RECEIVING WATER/LAND.

17. 1. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
REMOVALOFWASTEWATERCONSTITUENTSSUCHASRAGS,STICKS,FLOATABLE
GRITANDGREASETHATMAYCAUSEMAINTENANCEOROPERATIONALPROBLEM
WITHTHETREATMENTOPERATIONS,PROCESSES,ANDANCILLARYSYSTEMS.

18. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT CONSISTS OF FOLLOWING UNITS:
•SCREENING (FOR REMOVAL OF FLOATING MATTER)
•GRIT CHAMBER (FOR REMOVAL OF SAND AND GRITS)
•COMMINUTORS (FOR GRINDING LARGE SIZE SUSPENDED SOLIDS)
•FLOATATION UNITS (FOR REMOVAL OF OIL AND GREASE)
•SKIMMING TANKS
•FLOW MEASURING UNITS SUCH AS PARTIAL FLUME
•PUMPS
•PRE-AERATION UNITS

19. 2. PRIMARY TREATMENT
REMOVALOFPORTIONOFTHESUSPENDEDSOLIDSANDORGANICMATTER
FROMTHEWASTEWATER.

20. PRIMARY TREATMENT CONSISTS OF FOLLOWING PROCESSES / UNITS:
•SEDIMENTATION(PRIMARYSETTLINGTANKS)
•COAGULATION(SECONDARYSETTLINGTANKS)
•FLOCCULATION(ENHANCEDREMOVALOFSUSPENDEDSOLIDSANDORGANIC
MATTERFROMTHEWASTEWATER.TYPICALLYACCOMPLISHEDBYCHEMICAL
ADDITIONANDFILTRATIONKNOWNASCOAGULATIONANDFLOCCULATION)

21. 3. SECONDARY TREATMENT
REMOVALOFBIODEGRADABLEORGANICMATTER(INSOLUBLEORSUSPENSION
STATE)SUSPENDEDSOLIDS.DISINFECTIONISALSOTYPICALLYINCLUDEDINTHE
DEFINITIONOFCONVENTIONALSECONDARYTREATMENT.
SECONDARYTREATMENTPROCESSFORWASTEWATERAPPLICATIONS:
•AERATIONSYSTEMS
•BIOLOGICALTREATMENTSYSTEMS
•SLUDGEANDBIOSOLIDSPROCESSINGSYSTEMS

22. SECONDARY TREATMENT CONSISTS OF
FOLLOWING PROCESSES:
•ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
•STABILIZATION PONDS AND LAGOONS
•TRICKLING FILTER

23. 1. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
INACTIVATEDSLUDGEPROCESSWASTEWATERCONTAININGORGANICMATTER
ISAERATEDINANAERATIONBASININWHICHMICROORGANISMSMETABOLIZE
THESUSPENDEDANDSOLUBLEORGANICMATTER.

24. 2. STABILIZATION PONDS AND LAGOONS
THESTABILIZATIONPONDSAREOPENFLOWTHROUGHBASINSSPECIFICALLYDESIGNED
ANDCONSTRUCTEDTOTREATSEWAGEANDBIODEGRADABLEINDUSTRIALWASTES.
•THEYPROVIDELONGDETENTIONPERIODSEXTENDINGFROMAFEWTOSEVERAL
DAYS.
•PONDSSYSTEMS,INWHICHOXYGENISPROVIDEDTHROUGHMECHANICAL
AERATIONRATHERTHANALGALPHOTOSYNTHESISARECALLEDAERATEDLAGOONS.
•LIGHTLYLOADEDPONDSUSEDASTERTIARYSTEPINWASTETREATMENTFOR
POLISHINGOFSECONDARYEFFLUENTSANDREMOVALOFBACTERIAARECALLED
MATURATIONPONDS.

25. 3. TRICKLING FILTERS
ITISALSOKNOWNASPERCOLATINGFILTERORSPRINKLINGFILTERS.
•TRICKLINGFILTERSAREUSEDFORBIOLOGICALTREATMENTINDUSTRIALWASTE
WHICHAREAMENABLETOAEROBICBIOLOGICALPROCESSES.
•THISWILLPREVENTTHECLOGGINGOFTHEFILTERSETTLEABLESOLIDS.
•ATRICKLINGFILTERORBIOFILTERCONSISTSOFABASINORTOWERFILLED
WITHSUPPORTMEDIASUCHASSTONES,PLASTICSHAPESORWOODEN
SLATS.

26. 4. TERTIARY TREATMENT
REMOVALOFRESIDUALSUSPENDEDSOLIDS(AFTERSECONDARYTREATMENT)
USUALLYBYGRANULARMEDIUMFILTRATIONORMICROSCREENS.DISINFECTION
ISALSOTYPICALLYAPARTOFTERTIARYTREATMENT.NUTRIENTREMOVALIS
OFTENINTHISDEFINITION.

28. ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
SYSTEM

29. ADVANTAGES
•FLEXIBLE,CANADOPTTOMINORPH,ORGANICANDTEMPERATURECHANGES.
•SMALLAREAREQUIRED.
•DEGREEOFNITRIFICATIONISCONTROLLABLE.
•RELATIVELYMINORODORPROBLEM.
•ASEFFICIENTASACONVENTIONALSEWER.
•CANBEINSTALLEDONDIFFICULTANDCOMPACTSITES.

30. DISADVANTAGES
•HIGH OPERATING COSTS (SKILLED, LABOR, ELECTRICITY, ETC.)
•GENERATES SOLID REQUIRING SLUDGE DISPOSAL.
•SOME PROCESS ALTERNATIVES ARE SENSITIVE TO SHOCK LOADS AND
METALLIC OR OTHER POISONS.
•REQUIRES CONTINUOUS AIR SUPPLY.
•NEED ENERGY TO OPERATE (AIR COMPRESSOR, TURBINE ETC.)
•ANNUAL MAINTENANCE REQUIRED (WHICH CAN BE BINDING ON SOME
MODELS.)