Influenza_nursing_power point presentation_Abhijit bhoyar.pptx

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1. By, Mr. Abhijit Bhoyar M. Sc. Nursing

2. INTRODUCTION Influenza is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by influenza virus, of which there are three types- A, B and C. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of chills, malaise, fever, muscular pain and cough.

3. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DETERMINANT S Agent :- Influenza virus Reservoir of infection :- It has become increasingly evident that a major reservoir of influenza virus exists in animal and birds . AGENT FACTORS: Reservoir means a place where something is kept in store

4. Conti… Source of infection :- The secretions of the respiratory tract are infective. Period of infectivity :- The virus is present in the nasopharynx from 1 to 2 days before and 1 to 2 days after onset of symptoms.

5. HOST FACTORS: Age and sex: - The influenza affects all ages and both sexes. Human mobility:- this is an important factors in the spread of infection.

6. In India epidemics occurs in summer season Overcrowding areas ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:

7. MODE OF TRANSMISSION : Influenza is spread mainly from person to person by droplet infection created by sneezing, coughing or talking. The portal of entry of the virus is respiratory tract .

8. Incubation period 18-72 Hours. The incubation period is the time between first exposure to a pathogen, chemical, or radiation and when the first symptoms or signs of illness become apparent.

9. PATHOGENESIS: The virus enters the respiratory tract and causes inflammation and necrosis of superficial epithelial of the trachea and bronchial mucosa, followed by secondary bacterial invasion. There is no viranemia

10. Conti.. Both the viruses cause much the same symptoms- fever, chills, ache and pain. Coughing and generalized weakness. Fever last from 1-5 days, averaging 3 days in adult The most dreaded complication is pneumonia

11. INVESTIGATIONS Molecular tests.  These tests look for genetic material from the flu virus. Polymerase chain reaction tests, shortened to PCR tests, are molecular tests. also may hear this type of test called an NAAT test, short for nucleic acid amplification test . Molecular tests analyze the molecular components of cells, like DNA, RNA, and proteins, to diagnose diseases, assess risk, or guide treatment.

12. Conti…. Antigen tests.  These tests look for viral proteins called antigens. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests are one example of antigen tests.

13. TREATMENT Antiviral medicine: Acyclovir

14. PREVENTIVE MEASURES An influenza vaccine, or flu shot/jab, is a yearly vaccine that protects against seasonal flu viruses by using inactivated or weakened viruses The vaccine is administered subcutaneously or intramuscular route. 0.5 ml for adult and 0.25 ml for children from 6 months to 36 months.