informationeducationcommunication-151128070258-lva1-app6891-converted.pptx

nursing

1. INFORMATION EDUCATION COMMUNICATION

2. Definition IEC can be defined as an approach which attempts to change or reinforce a set of behaviors in a target audience regarding specific problem in a predefined period of time. Reproductive health and research, WHO

3. 2. Definition IEC is the process of learning that empowers people to make informed decisions and modify behaviors to attain a better standard of health.

4. IEC concept

5. Aims To change the health behavior of individuals, family and community. To prepare background or basis for change in health behavior. To change the norms of the community. To facilitate education for audience about public health and to create awareness in public opinion. To obtain social, political support for health activities.

6. Scope or Fields of IEC in relation to health Primary health care Prevention /control on co m m u n i c able diseases. Reproductive health/maternal and child health services. Family welfare Nutritional services Personal hygiene

7. Approaches of IEC The approaches of IEC are based upon following fields or subjects Mass Level Community level Group Level Family Level Individual Level

8. Mass Level Mass level approach in health education is for creating awareness in people at large , I.e. General public. The education is done using mass media of communication. These include radio, Films, television, Health exhibitions, posters, health magazines, news papers.

9. Community Level Community level approaches in health education is meant for a defined community and it is not only to create awareness but also to help people to understand their health problems and needs, implement them according do the need ful .

10. Group Level Group level approach for health education is meant for teaching health matters to specific groups in a defined setup. There can be various target groups for health education such as eligible couples, anti natal mothers, post natal mothers, school children, adolescents, elderly adults, industrial workers, T.B patients, etc.

11. Family level Family is the unit of health services in community health nursing. It is the natural place for family to live, grow, and develop. It helps the family in dealing with their own specific learning needs and health problems in which they are interested at any time. It become more effective because there is a privacy, members are relaxed, can give time, interact directly clarify their queries without hesitation.

12. Individual level Health education at individual level is done to help individual to learn and assimilate health information to modify/ change his or her behavior. Specific topic can be discussed.

13. INFORMATION This consists of providing scientific knowledge to the people about the health problems and how to prevent them and promote and maintain health.

14. Definition of health education Health education can be defined as a process aimed at encouraging people to want to be healthy, to know how to stay healthy, to do what they can individually and collectively to maintain health and to seek help when needed. The Declaration of Alma Ata(1978)

15. Aims and objectives To encourage people to adopt and sustain health promoting life style and practices. To promote the proper use of health services available to them. To arouse interest, provide new knowledge, improve skills and change attitudes in making rational decisions to solve their own problems. To stimulate individual and community self reliance and participation to achieve health development through individual and community involvement at every step from identifying problems to solve them.

16. Approaches to health education Regulatory Service approach Health education approach Primary health care approach

17. APPROACHES TO ACHIEVE HEALTH LEGAL OR REGULATORY APPROACH Make use of the law to protect the health of the public Government makes laws and regulations Eg:-Epidemic diseases act -Pollution act -Food adulteration act -Environmental act

18. APPROACHES TO ACHIEVE HEALTH ADMINISTRATIVE OR SERVICE APPROACH: This approach intends to provide all the health facilities to the people with the hope that they will use it it becomes a failure if the service is not based on the felt needs of the people

19. APPROACHES TO ACHIEVE HEALTH PRIMARY HEALTH CARE APPROACH: It involves full participation and active involvement of the people starting from the planning stage till the delivery of the health services. This is based on principles of primary health care-community participation This can be achieved by providing the necessary guidance to help people identify their health problems and to find solutions to these problems

20. Principles of health education Credibility Interest Participation Motivation Co m pre h en s i o n Reinforcement

21. Principles of health education Learning by doing Known to unknown 9.Setting an example Good human relations Feed back Leaders

22. CREDIBILITY It is the degree to which the message is perceived as trustworthy by the receiver It should be scientifically proven, based on facts and should be compatible with local culture and goals

23. INTEREST If the health education topic is of interest to the people, they will listen to it. Health educator should identify the “felt needs” of the people and then prepare a program that they can actively participate in to make it

24. P A R TICI P A TION Health educator should encourage people to participate in the program Once the people are given a chance to take part in the program it leads to their acceptance of the program Methods like group discussion, panel discussions etc. provide opportunities for people’s participation

25. MOTI V A TION “the fundamental desire for learning in an individual” Health education can be facilitated by the motivation provided by the desire to achieve individual goals Eg:-for a teenager, esthetics might be a motive to take care of his teeth whereas for an adult, the expenses of undergoing restorative care

26. COMPREHENSION Level of understating of the people who receive the health education Should first determine the level of literacy and understanding of the audience and act accordingly words that are strange or new to the people should not be used Use of technical terms or medical

27. Eg:-A statement saying “Eat food items that are cariogenic” may not be comprehensive to the layman. A better way of explaining would be “ Avoid food stuffs which are sweet and which stick to your teeth like toffees and pastries. Eat food items like fruits and raw vegetables which in addition to being healthy, also help in keeping your teeth clean.

28. REINFORCEMENT This is the principle that refers to the repetition needed in health education It is not possible for the people to learn new things in a short period of time So repetition is a good idea This can be done at regular intervals and it helps people to understand new ideas or practice better “booster dose in health education”

29. LEARNING BY DOING If the learning process is accompanied by doing new things it is better instilled in the minds of people “if I hear, I forget; if I see, I remember; if I do, I know”

30. KNOWN TO UNKNOWN Before the start of any health education program, the health educator should find out how much the people already know and then give them the new knowledge. The existing knowledge of the people can be used as the basic step up on which new knowledge can be placed Eg:-A health education program with the aim of introducing a toothbrush to a rural population will be better appreciated if the communicator start the program with “what are you using to clean your teeth at present” and then going in to details like “why are you using it” and then connecting it to the tooth brush and then providing details about the

31. SETTING AN EXAMPLE The health educator should follow what he preaches. He should set an example to others to follow Eg:- A health educator who participate in a program highlighting the ill effects of tobacco should not be seen smoking since it sends a wrong signal and seriousness of the situation is lost

32. GOOD HUMAN RELATIONS This principle states that the health educator should have good personal qualities and should be able to maintain friendly relations with the people The health educator should have a kind and sympathetic attitude towards the people and should always be helpful to them in clarifying doubts or repeating what is not understood

33. FEEDBACK For any program to be successful it is necessary to collect feedback to find out if any modifications are needed to make the program more effective

34. COMMUNITY LEADERS Community leaders can be used to reach the people of the community and to convince them about the need for health education Leaders can also be used to educate the people as they will have a rapport and will be familiar with the people of their community The leader will have an understanding of the needs of the community and advice and guide them

35. SOIL, SEED, SOWER Soil is the community Seed is information Sower is the person giving the information

36. CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION HUMAN BIOLOGY NUTRITION HYGIENE FAMILY HEALTH CARE CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE AND NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS USE OF HEALTH SERVICES

37. NUTRITION People should be taught about the nutrient value of food stuff and the effect of nutrients on health It is to help people to choose optimum and balanced diets